Oils enriched with diacylglycerols and phytosterol esters and unit dosage forms thereof for use in therapy
Described herein are various lipid mixtures, more particularly special mixtures of fatty acids esters, which may be phytosterol esters and/or glyceride esters. Said mixtures are evaluated in the context of their ability to, upon consumption, affect the levels of circulating LDL and HDL particles, and their therapeutic effect on conditions associated with lipid metabolism, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, metabolic disorders, etc. Compositions, dietary nutrients, food supplements and nutraceuticals comprising the herein described mixtures are also described.
1. An edible composition which comprises a mixture of esters of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LC-PUFA), said mixture comprising (1) esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with phytosterols or phytostanols or with both phytosterols and phytostanols and (2) esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with glycerol, wherein the weight ratio of (2) to (1) in the mixture is from about 1.5:1 to about 1:9.
2. A mixture of claim 1 , wherein said esters of LC-PUFA with glycerol are mono-, di- and/or triglycerides.
3. A method for reducing circulating atherogenic small-dense LDL particles, while maintaining a high proportion of HDL/LDL ratio, in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to reduce circulating atherogenic small-dense LDL particles in the subject.
4. A method for shifting a subject's HDL profile in the direction of larger and less dense particles and reducing the HDL 3 subfraction while increasing the level of HDL 2 subfraction which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to shift the subject's HDL profile.
5. A method for attenuating or counteracting adverse effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of oils selected from elevated LDL cholesterol and increased total/HDL cholesterol ratio related to a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to attenuate or counteract adverse effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the subject.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mixture of esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with glycerol is derived from an animal source, a plant source, an algae source or a microorganism source.
7. An orally administrable pharmaceutical or nutraceutical unit dosage capsule form comprising an edible composition which comprises a mixture of (1) esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with glycerol and (2) esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with phytosterols and phytostanols, wherein said unit dosage form contains from about 0.3 to about 0.8 gram omega-3 LC-PUFA, and wherein said unit dosage form provides at least 50% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of phytosterols and 100% of the RDI of omega-3 LC-PUFA.
8. The pharmaceutical dosage capsule form of claim 7 , wherein said capsule is a soft gel capsule.
9. The pharmaceutical dosage capsule form of claim 7 , wherein said RDI of phytosterols is from about 0.4 g to about 0.8 g.
10. A method for reducing circulating atherogenic small-dense LDL particles, while maintaining a high proportion of HDL/LDL ratio, in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the pharmaceutical dosage capsule form of claim 7 effective to reduce circulating atherogenic small-dense LDL particles in the subject.
11. A method for shifting a subject's HDL profile in the direction of larger and less dense particles and reducing the HDL 3 subfraction while increasing the level of HDL 2 subfraction which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the pharmaceutical dosage capsule form of claim 7 effective to shift the subject's HDL profile.
12. A method for attenuating or counteracting adverse effects of use of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of oils selected from elevated LDL cholesterol and increased total/HDL cholesterol ratio related to a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the pharmaceutical dosage capsule form of claim 7 effective to attenuate or counteract adverse effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the subject.
13. A method of treatment of metabolic syndrome and related conditions, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of an edible mixture of esters of LC-PUFA or compositions comprising thereof to a subject in need, wherein said mixture comprises esters of LC-PUFA with phytosterols and/or phytostanols and esters of LC-PUFA with glycerol, wherein the weight ratio of said LC-PUFA glycerol esters to their esters with phytosterol or phytostanol is from about 19:1 to about 1:9.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said effective dose is comprised in a soft gelatine capsule, said method comprising administering said capsule to said patient twice daily.
15. A method of reducing circulating atherogenic small-dense LDL particles, while maintaining a high proportion of HDL/LDL ratio, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of an edible mixture of esters of LC-PUFA or compositions comprising thereof to a subject in need, wherein said mixture comprises esters of LC-PUFA with phytosterols and/or phytostanols and esters of LC-PUFA with glycerol, wherein the weight ratio of said LC-PUFA glycerol esters to their esters with phytosterol or phytostanol is from about 19:1 to about 1:9.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said effective dose is comprised in a soft gelatine capsule, said method comprising administering said capsule to said patient twice daily.
17. A method of shifting the HDL profile in the direction of larger and less dense particles, particularly reducing the HDL 3 subfraction while increasing the level of HDL 2 subfraction, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of an edible mixture of esters of LC-PUFA or compositions comprising thereof to a subject in need, wherein said mixture comprises esters of LC-PUFA with phytosterols and/or phytostanols and esters of LC-PUFA with glycerol, wherein the weight ratio of said LC-PUFA glycerol esters to their esters with phytosterol or phytostanol is from about 19:1 to about 1:9.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said effective dose is comprised in a soft gelatine capsule, said method comprising administering said capsule to said patient twice daily.
19. A method for reducing triglycerides in a subject in need thereof, wherein the reduction of plasma levels of triglycerides in said subject is greater than the reduction achieved by administration of a corresponding amount of fish oil, which comprises administering to the subject an amount of the composition of claim 1 , effective to reduce triglycerides in the subject, wherein the omega-3 LC-PUFA residues in the esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with glycerol and in the esters of omega-3 LC-PUFA with any phytosterols and phytostanols present in the composition correspond to the fatty acid residues of fish oil.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the LC-PUFA residues in the esters of LC-PUFA with glycerol and in the esters of LC-PUFA with phytosterols and/or phytostanols correspond to the fatty acid residues of fish oil, and wherein the reduction of plasma levels of triglycerides is greater than reduction achieved by administration of fish oil.
21. The composition of claim 1 further comprising free phytosterols, free phytostanols, or both free phytosterols and free phytostanols.