Compositions and methods for determining alloys for thermal spray, weld overlay, thermal spray post processing applications, and castings
Disclosed herein are iron-based alloys having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates. Also disclosed are methods of welding comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with such an iron-based alloy. Also disclosed are methods of designing an alloy capable of forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay, the methods comprising the steps of determining an amorphous forming epicenter composition, determining a variant composition having a predetermined change in constituent elements from the amorphous forming epicenter composition, and forming and analyzing an alloy having the variant composition.
1. An iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <100 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 7.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
2. A method of welding, comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 7.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-2 Nb 3.5-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
4. A system of wires having a combined composition that forms a coating comprising an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 7.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 5 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-6 V 0-2 C 0.8-1.5 B 0.8-1.4 W 8.5-13.5 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25-1 Al 0-4 .
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-2 Nb 3.5-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formulas (in weight percent):
Fe 74.35 Cr 5 Nb 4 V 2 C 0.8 B 1 W 12.45 Si 0.15 Ti 0.25 .
8. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 67.3-77.05 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-3 Mn 0-6 Nb 4-7 C 0.5-1.4 B 0.6-1.75 W 9.5-15.45 Si 0-0.5 Ti 0-0.5 .
9. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 1.95-2.05 B 1.15-1.25 W 12.4-12.5 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
10. The system of claim 4 , wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe 65.3-79.95 Cr 3-7 Ni 0-6 Mn 0-6 Nb 3.5-7 V 0-2.05 C 0.5-1.5 B 0.6-1.75 W 8.5-15.45 Si 0-1.0 Ti 0-1 Al 0-4 .
11. An iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.2 Mn <1.1 Nb 4.0-4.4 C 1.0-1.1 V 0-40-2.8 B 0.8-1.25 W 7.5-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
12. An iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 5.1 Mn 1.1 Nb 4.3 C 1.1 V 2.7 B 0.8 W 7.6 Si 0.5 Ti 0.2 .
13. A method of welding, comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.0 Mn <1.0 Nb 4.0-4.2 C 1.0-1.1 V 0.40-2.8 B 0.8-1.25 W 7.5-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
14. A method of welding, comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates wherein the alloy is given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 5.1 Mn 1.1 Nb 4.3 C 1.1 V 2.7 B 0.8 W 7.6 Si 0.5 Ti 0.2 .
15. A system of wires having a combined composition that forms a coating comprising an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 4.8-5.2 Mn <1.1 Nb 4.0-4.4 C 1.0-1.1 V 0.40-2.8 B 0.8-1.25 W 7.5-9.2 Si <1.0 Ti 0.2-0.3 .
16. A system of wires having a combined composition that forms a coating comprising an iron-based alloy having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 μm Nb and W carbide precipitates, the alloy given by the chemical formula (in weight percent):
Fe bal Cr 5.1 Mn 1.1 Nb 4.3 C 1.1 V 2.7 B 0.8 W 7.6 Si 0.5 Ti 0.2 .