Uninterruptible power supply systems and methods using an isolated neutral reference
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system includes an AC input configured to be coupled to an AC power source, an AC output configured to be coupled to a load and a power converter circuit coupled to the AC input and the AC output and configured to selectively provide power to the load from the AC power source and an auxiliary power source. The UPS system further includes a control circuit operatively coupled to the power converter circuit and configured to generate at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference from the AC power source and/or from the AC output and to control the power converter circuit responsive to the generated at least one neutral reference. In particular, the control circuit may be configured to generate the neutral reference from a three-wire AC connection.
1. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system comprising:
an AC input configured to be coupled to an AC power source;
an AC output configured to be coupled to a load;
a power converter circuit coupled to the AC input and the AC output and configured to selectively provide power to the load from the AC power source and an auxiliary power source;
a control circuit operatively coupled to the power converter circuit and configured to generate at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference from the AC power source and/or from the AC output and to control the power converter circuit responsive to the generated at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference; and
wherein the control circuit comprises a transformer having a primary winding configured to be coupled to the AC power source and a wye-connected secondary winding having a center node configured to provide the generated at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference.
2. The UPS system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is configured to generate the neutral reference from a three-wire AC connection.
3. The UPS system of claim 1 , wherein the power converter circuit comprises a solid-state bridge inverter circuit that is configured to be transformerlessly coupled to the load.
4. The UPS system of claim 3 , wherein the solid-state bridge circuit comprises three half-bridge circuits, respective ones of which control respective phases of the AC output.
5. The UPS system of claim 1 , wherein the primary winding of the transformer is coupled to a rectifier input or to a bypass input.
6. The UPS system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises a transformer having a primary winding coupled to the AC output and a wye-connected secondary winding having a center node configured to provide the generated at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference.
7. A UPS system comprising:
an AC input configured to be coupled to a three-wire AC service;
a power conversion circuit comprising an solid-state bridge inverter circuit coupled to the AC input and having an output configured to be transformerlessly coupled to a load;
a control circuit configured to generate a galvanically isolated neutral reference for the inverter circuit from a phase-to-phase voltage of the three-wire AC service; and
wherein the control circuit comprises a reference-generating transformer having a primary winding configured to be coupled to the AC service and a wye-connected secondary winding having a center node configured to provide the generated at least one galvanically isolated neutral reference.
8. The UPS system of claim 7 , wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a rectifier circuit and wherein the primary winding of the reference-generating transformer is coupled to an input of the rectifier circuit.
9. The UPS system of claim 7 , further comprising a bypass circuit configured to bypass the inverter circuit and wherein the primary winding of the reference-generating transformer is coupled to an input to the bypass circuit.
10. A power distribution system comprising a source transformer having a primary coupled to an AC source and wye-connected secondary with phase conductors coupled to the AC input of the UPS system of claim 7 and a central node having a low-resistance connection to a local ground, and wherein the central node of the reference-generating transformer has a low-resistance connection to a ground of the UPS system.
11. A power distribution system comprising a source transformer having a primary coupled to an AC source and a wye-connected secondary with phase conductors coupled to the AC input of the UPS system of claim 7 and a central node having a high resistance connection to a local ground, wherein the central node of the reference-generating transformer is isolated from a ground of the UPS system.
12. A UPS system comprising:
a plurality of UPSs having AC inputs coupled in common to an AC source, each of the UPSs comprising a power converter circuit coupled to the AC input and having AC output configured to be transformerlessly coupled to a load and a control circuit configured to generate a galvanically isolated neutral reference for the power converter circuit; and
wherein each of the control circuits comprises a reference-generating transformer having a primary winding coupled to phase conductors of the AC input and a wye-connected secondary winding having a center node configured to provide the generated galvanically isolated neutral reference.
13. The UPS system of claim 12 , wherein the power converter circuit comprises an inverter circuit comprising respective half-bridge circuits that control respective phases of the AC output.
14. The UPS system of claim 12 , wherein each of the power converter circuits comprises a rectifier circuit coupled to an input of the inverter circuit and wherein the primary winding of the reference-generating transformer is coupled to an input of the rectifier circuit.
15. The UPS system of claim 12 , wherein each UPS comprises a bypass circuit configured to bypass the power converter circuit and wherein the primary winding of the reference-generating transformer is coupled to an input of the bypass circuit.