Dual-lens-gun electron beam apparatus and methods for high-resolution imaging with both high and low beam currents
One embodiment relates to an electron beam apparatus which includes a dual-lens electron gun for emitting an electron beam. The electron beam is a high beam-current electron beam in a first operating mode and a low beam-current electron beam in a second operating mode. The apparatus further includes a column aperture which is out of the path of the high beam-current electron beam in the first operating mode and is centered about an optical axis of the electron beam apparatus in the second operating mode. Another embodiment relates to an electron gun which includes a first gun lens, a beam limiting aperture, and a second gun lens. The first gun lens focuses the electrons before they pass through the beam-limiting aperture while the second gun lens focuses the electrons after they pass through the beam-limiting aperture. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.
1. An electron gun for generating an electron beam; the electron gun comprising:
an electron emission system for emitting electrons;
a first magnetic gun lens for focusing the electrons from the electron emission system to form an electron beam;
a beam limiting aperture through which passes the electron beam focused by the first magnetic gun lens;
a second magnetic gun lens for focusing the electron beam after the electron beam passes through the beam limiting aperture; and
a controller for operating the electron gun in a first mode in which the first magnetic gun lens is on and the second magnetic gun lens is off and in a second mode in which the first magnetic gun lens is off and the second gun lens is on, wherein the first mode comprises a high beam-current mode, and the second mode comprises a low beam-current mode.
2. The electron gun of claim 1 , wherein the electron emission system comprises a emitter tip, an extractor electrode, and an anode.
3. The electron gun of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic gun lens comprises a first pole piece and at least one coil.
4. The electron gun of claim 1 , wherein the second magnetic gun lens comprises a second pole piece and at least one coil.
5. The electron gun of claim 1 , wherein a beam current of the high beam-current electron beam is changed in the first operating mode by varying excitation of the first magnetic gun lens non-linearly over a first range.
6. The electron gun of claim 5 , wherein the beam current of the low beam-current electron beam is changed in the second operating mode by varying excitation of the second magnetic gun lens linearly over a second range, wherein the second range is smaller than the first range.
7. The electron gun of claim 1 , wherein a first beam cross-over is formed below the beam limiting aperture in the first operating mode, and wherein a second beam cross-over is formed below the second magnetic gun lens in the second operating mode.