High capacity magnetic nanoparticles as supports for reagents and catalysts

1. A magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material comprising:

a substance having a structure of Formula 1 or derivative or salt thereof:

Z(Y-Triazole-CH 2 —X—CH 2 (FP) n ) m   (Formula 1)

Z is a magnetic particle smaller than 1 mm;

n and m are independently integers;

Y includes a first linker having an alkyl and/or aryl linked to the magnetic particle;

X is CH 2 or a heteroatom;

FP is a functionalized polymer having:

a first structure derived from a first norbornene compound linked to the magnetic particle through the Y-Triazole-CH 2 —X—CH 2 linker; and

one or more monomeric units each including a second structure derived from a second norbornene compound, where one of the monomeric units is linked to the first structure through a saturated or unsaturated alkyl, each monomeric unit includes a functional group capable of binding with another substance.

2. The magnetic particle of claim 1 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of bis-acid chloride (BAC); dichlorotriazine (DCT); triphenyl phosphine (TPP); alkyl triphenyl phosphine (alkyl-TPP); phosphate triphenyl (PTP); di-triphenylphosphate (Di-TPP); triazole phosphate (TP); carbodiimide (ACC); alkyl-carbodiimide (alkyl-ACC); benzyl phosphate (BP); monoamine MAm); alkyl-monoamine (alkyl-MAm); methyl-monoamine (MMAm); mono ethyl azodicarboxylate (MEAD); benzylethyl azodicarboxylate (BEAD); sulfonyl chloride (SC); benzenesulfonyl chloride (BCS); acetic acid (HAc); pyridine (Py); benzaldehyde (BA); chlorophosphate (PC); trimercaptotriazine (TMT); benzylic sulfonium salts (OBSPc); benzyl bromide (BB); sulfonylchloride (SC); amino acids (AA); amino esters (AE); biphenol phosphines (BPP); biphenylbisphosphines (BPBP); cyclopentadienyls (CP); N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC); derivatives thereof; and combinations thereof.

3. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 1 , wherein Z includes cobalt.

4. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 3 , wherein Z includes a graphene shell.

5. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 1 , comprising:

a structure of Z(Q) m , wherein the Z(Q) includes Formula 3 or 3A or derivative or salt thereof:

R 1 and R 2 are independently or in combination selected from hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof so long as at least one of R 1 and R 2 includes the functional group capable of binding with another molecular entity, and wherein the polymer backbone is saturated (Formula 3A) or unsaturated (Formula 3).

6. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 5 , wherein the Z(Q) includes

one of Formulae 5A-5N or derivative or salt thereof, wherein R5 is as defined for R 1 and R 2 , and the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated:

7. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 5 , wherein the Z(Q) includes

one of Formulae 6A-6K or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein y is an integer;

R 3 is an amino acid side group;

R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 , are each independently as defined for R 1 and R 2 ; and

R 8 is a negatively charged counter ion,

wherein the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

8. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 5 , wherein the Z(Q) includes

one of Formulae 7A-7H or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein M is a metal bound to the functional group;

R 3 is an amino acid side group;

R 4 , R 5 ,R 6 , and Ln are each independently as defined for R 1 and R 2 ; and

R 8 is a negatively charged counter ion,

wherein the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

9. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 8 , wherein the M is a catalytic metal.

10. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 9 , wherein the catalytic metal is selected from transition metals, palladium, platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.

11. The magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material of claim 5 , wherein the Z(Q) includes

one of Formulae 8A-8C or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently as defined herein for R 1 or R 2 or a phosphine or phosphite,

wherein the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

12. A method of preparing a magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material, the method comprising:

providing a magnetic particle having one or more triazole-containing linkers with a first norbornene group;

providing a monomer having a second norbornene group and a functional group capable of binding with another substance;

reacting the first and second norbornene groups by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) chemistry so as to form a magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material having Formula 1 or derivative or salt thereof:

Z(Y-Triazole-CH 2 —X—CH 2 (FP) n ) m   (Formula 1)

Z is a magnetic particle smaller than 1 mm;

n and m are independently integers;

Y includes a first linker having an alkyl and/or aryl linked to the magnetic particle;

X is CH 2 or a heteroatom;

FP is a functionalized polymer having:

a first structure derived from the first norbornene group compound linked to the magnetic particle through the Y-Triazole-CH 2 —X—CH 2 ; and

one or more monomeric units each including a second structure derived from the monomer where one of the monomeric units is linked to the first structure.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising preparing the magnetic particle to have the one or more triazole-containing linkers with the first norbornene group.

14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

providing the magnetic particle;

providing a reagent having a hydroxyl group and an amine group; and

reacting the magnetic particle and the reagent so as to form one or more reactive azides linked to the magnetic particle.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising reacting the reactive azide with a second reagent having the first norbornene group and a first reactive group capable of reacting with the reactive azide so as to form a linker attached to the particle having the first norbornene group as a terminal group.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein reacting the first norbornene group with the monomer is conducted with a catalyst.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the formed magnetic particle-polymer hybrid material has a structure of Z(Q) m , wherein the Z(Q) includes Formula 3 or 3A or derivative or salt thereof:

R 1 and R 2 are independently or in combination selected from hydrogen, halogens, hydroxyls, alkoxys, straight aliphatics, branched aliphatics, cyclic aliphatics, heterocyclic aliphatics, substituted aliphatics, unsubstituted aliphatics, saturated aliphatics, unsaturated aliphatics, aromatics, polyaromatics, substituted aromatics, hetero-aromatics, amines, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic amines, carbonyls, carboxyls, amides, esters, amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, or combinations thereof so long as at least one of R 1 and R 2 includes the functional group capable of binding with another molecular entity, wherein the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Z(Q) includes one of Formulae 5A-5N or derivative or salt thereof, wherein R 5 is as defined for R 1 and R 2 , and the polymer backbone is saturated or unsaturated:

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Z(Q) includes one of Formulae 6A-6K or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein y is an integer;

R 3 is an amino acid side group;

R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 , are each independently as defined for R 1 and R 2 ; and

R 8 is a negatively charged counter ion,

wherein the polymeric backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Z(Q) includes one of Formulae 7A-7H or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein M is a metal bound to the functional group;

R 3 is an amino acid side group;

R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and Ln are each independently as defined for R 1 and R 2 ; and

R 8 is a negatively charged counter ion,

wherein the polymeric backbone is saturated or unsaturated.

21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Z(Q) includes one of Formulae 8A-8C or derivative or salt thereof;

wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently as defined herein for R 1 or R 2 or a phosphine or phosphite,

wherein the polymeric backbone is saturated or unsaturated.