Proppant pillar placement in a fracture with high solid content fluid
A method of placing proppant into a fracture formed in a subterranean formation from a wellbore is disclosed. The method comprises injecting through the wellbore a first treatment fluid to initiate the fracture in the subterranean formation; injecting through the wellbore a second treatment fluid comprising a particulate blend slurry made of proppant; the particulate blend comprising at least a first amount of particulates having a first average particle size between about 100 and 5000 μm and at least a second amount of particulates having a second average particle size between about three and twenty times smaller than the first average particle size; and forming with the particulate blend slurry a plurality of proppant-rich clusters spaced apart by proppant-free regions forming open channels.
1. A method of placing proppant into a fracture formed in a subterranean formation from a wellbore, the method comprising:
injecting through the wellbore a first treatment fluid to initiate the fracture in the subterranean formation;
injecting through the wellbore a second treatment fluid comprising a sequence of two separate stages, a first stage comprising a particulate blend high solid content slurry comprising proppant; the particulate blend high solid content slurry comprising at least a first amount of particulates having a first average particle size—between about 100 and 5000 μm and at least a second amount of particulates having a second average particle size between about three and twenty times smaller than the first average particle size; and a second stage comprising a proppant-free phase;
wherein injection of the second treatment fluid is done by alternating stages of the first stage comprising the proppant-rich phase comprising the particulate blend high solid content slurry and the second stage comprising the proppant-free phase;
forming with the particulate blend high solid content slurry a plurality of proppant-rich clusters spaced apart by proppant-free regions; and
forming open channels in the proppant-free regions, wherein the particulate blend high solid content slurry has a packed volume fraction which exceeds 0.74.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first treatment fluid and the proppant-free phase are substantially free of macroscopic particles.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first stage comprising the proppant rich phase and the second stage comprising the proppant-free phase are separated by injection of a fiber spacer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second treatment fluid further comprises channelant in the second stage comprising the proppant-free phase, and forming pillars from the proppant clusters, wherein the clusters are spaced apart by the channelant in the proppant-free regions.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the forming of the open channels comprises removing the channelant around the pillars for fluid flow from the subterranean formation through the fracture toward the wellbore.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the channelant comprises solid particles.
7. The method of claim 4 comprising segregating the proppant and channelant during injection of the second treatment fluid.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first stage comprising the proppant-rich phase further comprises the channelant.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the channelant comprises particles selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyol, salt, polysaccharide, wax, calcium carbonate, benzoic acid, naphthalene based materials, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, soluble resins, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first treatment fluid comprises a first carrier fluid comprising water and a viscosifying agent or a friction reducer.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first treatment fluid comprises a gas component.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said gas component comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air and any mixtures thereof.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said gas component comprises from about 10% to about 90% of a total first fluid volume percent.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second treatment fluid comprises a second carrier fluid comprising water and a viscosifying agent or a friction reducer.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate blend comprises a degradable material.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate blend comprises a binding agent.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the binding agent is selected from the group consisting of resin, cement, sticky fiber, polymer that exhibit sticky properties at high temperature and any mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate blend comprises fiber.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramics, carbon and carbon-based compounds, metals and metallic alloys, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polyol and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising producing fluids from the subterranean formation through the open channels and the wellbore.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the packed volume fraction of the particulate blend high solid content slurry exceeds 0.74, and wherein a sum of all particulates in the particulate blend high solid content slurry exceeds 1.92 kg per liter of carrier fluid (16 pounds per gallon).
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the packed volume fraction of the particulate blend high solid content slurry exceeds 0.84.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subterranean formation comprises at least in part shale rock.
24. A method of placing a proppant pack into a fracture formed in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
injecting through the wellbore a first treatment fluid substantially free of macroscopic particles to initiate the fracture in the subterranean formation;
then injecting through the wellbore a second treatment fluid comprising a particulate blend high solid content slurry comprising proppant and channelant; the particulate blend high solid content slurry comprising at least a first amount of particulates having a first average particle size between about 100 and 5000 μm and at least a second amount of particulates having a second average particle size between about three and twenty times smaller than the first average particle size; such that a packed volume fraction of the particulate blend high solid content slurry exceeds 0.74;
then injecting through the wellbore a plurality of additional stages comprising the first treatment fluid alternated with the second treatment fluid; and
forming with the particulate blend high solid content slurry a plurality of proppant clusters forming pillars spaced apart by the channelant.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising removing the channelant to form further open channels around the pillars for fluid flow from the subterranean formation through the fracture toward the wellbore.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the additional alternating stages comprising the first treatment fluid alternated with the second treatment fluid are separated by injection of a fiber spacer.
27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the packed volume fraction of the particulate blend high solid content slurry exceeds 0.84 and wherein a sum of all particulates in the high solid content slurry exceeds 1.92 kg per liter of carrier fluid (16 pounds per gallon).