Techniques for plasma processing a substrate
Techniques for plasma processing a substrate are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized with a method comprising introducing a feed gas proximate to a plasma source, where the feed gas may comprise a first and second species, where the first and second species have different ionization energies; providing a multi-level RF power waveform to the plasma source, where the multi-level RF power waveform has at least a first power level during a first pulse duration and a second power level during a second pulse duration, where the second power level may be different from the first power level; ionizing the first species of the feed gas during the first pulse duration; ionizing the second species during the second pulse duration; and providing a bias to the substrate during the first pulse duration.
1. A method of plasma processing a substrate, the method comprising:
introducing a feed gas to a plasma processing system comprising a plasma source, the feed gas comprising a first and second species, the first and second species having different ionization energies;
providing a multi-level RF power waveform to the plasma source, the multi-level RF power waveform having at least a first power level during a first pulse duration and a second power level during a second pulse duration, the second power level being greater than the first power level, and the first power level is greater than a power level necessary to ionize the first species but less than another power level necessary to ionize the second species;
ionizing the first species of the feed gas during the first pulse duration;
ionizing the second species during the second pulse duration;
providing a bias to the substrate during the first pulse duration; and
not biasing the substrate during the second pulse duration.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first species comprises a dopant species.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dopant species comprises at least one of P, B, Ge, Si, N, and As, and Se, and the second species comprises at least one of H, C, O, He, Ne, and Ar.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first species is an etchant so as to etch the substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the second RF power level is sufficient to stabilize a plasma.
6. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:
introducing a feed gas comprising a first species and second species into a plasma processing system comprising a plasma source, the first species having lower ionization energy than the second species;
applying a first power level to the plasma source during a first period to selectively ionize the first species, the first power level being greater than a power level necessary to ionize the first species but less than another power level necessary to ionize the second species;
applying a second power level to the plasma source during a second period to ionize the second species, the second power level being greater than the another power level necessary to ionize the second species; and
directing ions of the first species toward a substrate during the first period.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
directing ions of the second species toward the substrate during the second period.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
implanting ions of the first species into the substrate during the first period; and
implanting ions of the second species into the substrate during the second period.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first species comprises at least one of P, B, Ge, Si, N, Se, and As, and the second species comprises at least one of H, C, O, He, Ne, and Ar.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
biasing the substrate during the first period and biasing the substrate during the second period.
11. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
biasing the substrate during the first period without biasing the substrate during the second period.
12. A method of plasma processing a substrate in an apparatus comprising a plasma source proximate to a substrate, an RF power supply electrically coupled to the plasma source, a bias power supply electrically coupled to the substrate, the method comprising:
introducing a feed gas to the apparatus, the feed gas comprising at least first and second species;
generating an RF waveform having a first power level during a first period, a second power level during a second period and a third power level during a third period with the RF power supply, wherein the second power level is greater than the first power level and the third power level is less than the first and second power levels, wherein the first power level is greater than a power level necessary to ionize the first species but less than another power level necessary to ionize the second species, and wherein the second period occurs after the first period and the third period occurs after the second period;
applying the RF waveform to the plasma source so as to generate a plasma during at least the first and second periods;
generating a bias waveform with the bias power supply, the bias waveform having a first bias level and a second bias level, the second bias level being more negative than the first bias level; and,
applying the bias waveform to the substrate to direct ions from the plasma toward the substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first bias level is applied to the substrate during the first period.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second bias level is applied to the substrate after the second period.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second bias level is applied to the substrate during the second period.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second bias level is applied to the substrate during the first period.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first bias level is applied to the substrate during the third period.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plasma is not extinguished during the third period.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second power level is greater than the another power level necessary to ionize the second species.