Voltage regulation system for integrated circuit
An integrated circuit (IC) with voltage regulation includes high power and low power domains, low and high voltage regulators and a low power regulator. The low voltage regulator powers the high and low power domains when the IC is in a HIGH power mode. The low power regulator receives a voltage from a high voltage regulator and powers the low power domain when the IC is in a LOW power mode. The IC includes a switching module that disconnects the low voltage regulator from the low power domain when the output voltage of the high voltage regulator is lower than a threshold voltage during power-up and connects the low voltage regulator to the low power domain when the voltage regulated by the high voltage regulator exceeds the threshold voltage.
1. An integrated circuit operable in a low power mode and a high power mode, comprising:
a low power domain;
a high power domain;
a first voltage regulator that regulates a voltage provided to the high and low power domains at a first voltage level when the integrated circuit is in the high power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is in the low power mode;
a second voltage regulator that generates a voltage that is regulated at a second voltage level, and operates in both of the high and low power modes;
a third voltage regulator, connected between the second voltage regulator and the low power domain, that receives the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator and regulates a voltage provided to the low power domain at a third voltage level when the integrated circuit is in the low power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is in the high power mode; and
a switching module, connected to the second voltage regulator, and between the first voltage regulator and the low power domain, that receives and compares the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator with a first threshold voltage, and connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain when the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator is greater than the first threshold voltage.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first threshold voltage is substantially equal to the first voltage level.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first threshold voltage is marginally lower than the first voltage level.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the switching module comprises:
a voltage monitor module, connected to the second voltage regulator, that receives and compares the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator with the first threshold voltage, and generates a voltage monitor signal when the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator is greater than the first threshold voltage;
a safe-state module, connected to the voltage monitor module, that receives the voltage monitor signal, a first control signal and a selected voltage level, and generates a safe-state signal; and
a power-switch module, connected to the safe-state module, and between the first voltage regulator and the low power domain, that connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain based on the safe-state signal.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 4 , wherein the voltage monitor module includes a first comparator that receives the first threshold voltage and the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator, and generates the voltage monitor signal.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 4 , wherein the safe-state module comprises:
an AND gate that receives the voltage monitor signal and the first control signal, and generates a second control signal;
an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor having a source terminal connected to ground, a body terminal connected to the source terminal, a gate terminal connected to the AND gate for receiving the second control signal, and a drain terminal connected to the power-switch module, wherein the safe-state signal is generated at the drain terminal; and
a pull-up resistor having a first terminal connected to the drain terminal of the NMOS transistor and a second terminal that receives the selected voltage level.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 4 , wherein the power-switch module comprises:
a first transistor having a source terminal connected to the first voltage regulator, a drain terminal connected to the low power domain, and a gate terminal connected to the safe-state module for receiving the safe-state signal therefrom, wherein the first transistor connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain based on the safe-state signal; and
a supply selector module, connected to the source and drain terminals of the first transistor, wherein the supply selector module selects and provides a higher one of the voltages between the source and drain terminals of the first transistor as the selected voltage level to the safe-state module and the body terminal of the first transistor.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein the first transistor is a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor.
9. An integrated circuit operable in a low power mode and a high power mode, comprising:
a low power domain;
a high power domain;
a first voltage regulator that regulates a first voltage provided to the low power and high power domains at a first voltage level when the integrated circuit is in a high power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is a low power mode;
a second voltage regulator that generates a second voltage that is regulated at a second voltage level, and operates when the integrated circuit is in the high and low power modes;
a third voltage regulator, connected between the second voltage regulator and the low power domain, that receives the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator and regulates a third voltage provided to the low power domain at a third voltage level when the integrated circuit is in the low power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is in the high power mode;
a voltage monitor module, connected to the second voltage regulator, that receives and compares the second voltage regulator with a threshold voltage, and generates a voltage monitor signal when the second voltage regulator exceeds the threshold voltage;
a safe-state module, connected to the voltage monitor module, that receives the voltage monitor signal, a first control signal and a selected voltage level, and generates a safe-state signal; and
a power-switch module, connected to the safe-state module, and between the first voltage regulator and the low power domain, that connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain based on the safe-state signal.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the threshold voltage is substantially equal to the first voltage level.
11. The integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the threshold voltage is marginally lower than the first voltage level.
12. The integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the voltage monitor module includes a comparator circuit that receives the threshold voltage and the second voltage regulator, and generates the voltage monitor signal.
13. The integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the safe-state module comprises:
an AND gate that receives the voltage monitor signal and the first control signal, and generates a second control signal; and
an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor having a source terminal connected to ground, a body terminal connected to the source terminal thereof, a gate terminal connected to the AND gate for receiving the second control signal, and a drain terminal connected to the power-switch module by way of a pull-up resistor for receiving the selected voltage level, wherein the safe-state signal is generated at the drain terminal of the NMOS transistor.
14. The integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the power-switch module comprises:
a first transistor having a source terminal connected to the first voltage regulator, a drain terminal connected to the low power domain, and a gate terminal connected to the safe-state module for receiving the safe-state signal therefrom, wherein the first transistor connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain based on the safe-state signal; and
a supply selector module, connected to the source and drain terminals of the first transistor, wherein the supply selector module selects and provides a higher one of the voltages between the source and drain terminals of the first transistor as the selected voltage level to the safe-state module and the body terminal of the first transistor.
15. The integrated circuit of claim 14 , wherein the first transistor is a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor.
16. An integrated circuit operable in a low power mode and a high power mode, comprising:
a low power domain and a high power domain;
a first voltage regulator, that regulates a voltage provided to the low power and high power domains at a first voltage level when the integrated circuit is in a high power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is in a low power mode;
a second voltage regulator, that generates a voltage that is regulated at a second voltage level, and operates when the integrated circuit is in the high and low power modes;
a third voltage regulator, connected between the second voltage regulator and the low power domain, that receives the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator and regulates a voltage provided to the low power domain at a third voltage level when the integrated circuit is in the low power mode and is switched off when the integrated circuit is in the high power mode;
a first comparator circuit, that receives a first threshold voltage and the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator, and generates a first voltage monitor signal when the voltage regulated by the second voltage regulator exceeds the first threshold voltage;
a second comparator circuit, that receives a second threshold voltage and a first node voltage obtained at a junction of the low power domain and the third voltage regulator, and generates a second voltage monitor signal when the first node voltage exceeds the second threshold voltage;
a level-shifter circuit, connected to the low power domain, that receives a reference signal and level shifts a voltage level of the reference signal from the third voltage level to the second voltage level;
a first logic gate, that receives the second voltage monitor signal and the level-shifted reference signal, and generates a first control signal;
a first logic circuit, that receives the first voltage monitor signal and the first control signal, and generates a second control signal;
an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor, having a source terminal connected to ground, a body terminal connected to the source terminal thereof, a gate terminal connected to the first logic circuit that receives the second control signal, and a drain terminal that receives a selected voltage level, wherein the NMOS transistor generates a safe-state signal at the drain terminal thereof;
a first transistor having a source terminal connected to the first voltage regulator, a drain terminal connected to the low power domain, and a gate terminal connected to the drain terminal of the NMOS transistor for receiving the safe-state signal therefrom, wherein the first transistor connects the first voltage regulator to the low power domain based on the safe-state signal; and
a supply selector module, connected to the source and drain terminals of the first transistor, wherein the supply selector module selects and provides a higher one of the voltages between the source and drain terminals of the first transistor as the selected voltage to the gate of the NMOS transistor by way of a pull-up resistor and the body terminal of the first transistor.
17. The integrated circuit of claim 16 , wherein the first transistor is a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor.
18. The integrated circuit of claim 16 , wherein the threshold voltage is substantially equal to the first voltage level.
19. The integrated circuit of claim 16 , wherein the threshold voltage is marginally lower than the first voltage level.
20. The integrated circuit of claim 16 , wherein the first logic circuit comprises an AND gate and the first logic gate comprises a NAND gate.