Anti-fouling spark plug and method of making
A spark plug is provided. The spark plug has an insulative sleeve with a central axial bore and an exterior surface of a shaped tip portion. A coating is disposed on the exterior surface of the shaped tip portion and the coating comprises a transition metal compound or a combination of transition metal compounds, and an alkali metal compound. A center electrode extends through the central axial bore of the insulative sleeve. A metal sleeve is provided, wherein the insulating sleeve is positioned within, and secured to the metal shell. A ground electrode is coupled to the metal shell and positioned in a spaced relationship relative to the center electrode so as to define a spark gap.
1. A method comprising:
forming a first slurry solution comprising one or more transition metal compounds, the one or more transition metal compounds comprising up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the slurry solution, wherein the one or more transition metal compounds comprise one or more late transition metals selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, and palladium;
applying the first slurry solution to a shaped tip portion of an insulative sleeve;
forming a first coating by air drying the first slurry solution on the insulative sleeve for a first predetermined time at a first predetermined temperature; and
calcining the first coating at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined amount of time.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a second slurry solution from an alkali metal compound, the alkali metal compound being up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the slurry solution; and
applying the second slurry solution to the calcined coating.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the first predetermined temperature is between 70 and 150 degrees C. and the first predetermined time is between 30 minutes and 60 hours.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the alkali metal compound comprises 0.25 to 7.5 weight percent of the total weight of the slurry solution.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the second predetermined time is between 30 minutes and 1.5 hours and the second predetermined temperature is between 475 and 950 degrees C.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first slurry solution is an aqueous slurry.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first slurry solution is an aqueous solution.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more transition metal compounds comprise 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the total weight of the slurry solution.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first slurry further comprises one or more alkali metal compounds.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the one or more late transition metals is copper.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more transition metal compounds further comprise one or more early transition metals, wherein the one or more early transition metals are selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more late transition metal compounds to the one or more early transition metal compounds is from about 1:0.5 to about 1:7 and wherein the molar ratio of the one or more alkali metal compounds to the one or more early transition metal compounds is from about 1:0.5 to about 1:7.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more late transition metal compounds to the one or more alkali metal compounds is about 1:1.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more transition metal compounds to the one or more alkali metal compounds is from about 1:1 to about 16:1.
15. A method comprising:
forming a first slurry solution comprising an alkali metal compound, the alkali metal compound being up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the slurry solution;
applying the first slurry solution to a shaped tip portion of an insulative sleeve;
forming a first coating by air drying the first slurry solution on the insulative sleeve for a first predetermined time at a first predetermined temperature;
calcining the first coating at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined amount of time;
applying a second slurry to the first coating;
forming a second coating by air drying the second slurry that was applied to the first coating; and
calcining the second coating.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein applying the second slurry to the first coating is at a third predetermined temperature for a third predetermined amount of time, wherein calcining the second coating is at a fourth predetermined temperature for a fourth predetermined amount of time, wherein the first slurry solution further comprises one or more transition metal compounds comprising up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the first slurry solution, and wherein the second slurry comprises an alkali metal compound being up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the second slurry.
17. A method comprising:
forming a slurry solution comprising one or more late transition metal compounds, one or more early transition metal compounds, and one or more alkali metal compounds;
applying the slurry solution to a shaped tip portion of an insulative sleeve;
forming a coating by air drying the slurry solution on the insulative sleeve for a first predetermined time at a first predetermined temperature; and
calcining the coating at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined amount of time;
wherein the one or more early transition metal compounds and the one or more late transition metal compounds together comprise up to 70 weight percent of the total weight of the first slurry solution;
wherein the one or more late transition metal compounds comprise one or more late transition metals selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, nickel, platinum, and palladium; and
wherein the one or more early transition metal compounds comprise one or more early transition metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more late transition metal compounds to the one or more early transition metal compounds is from about 1:0.5 to about 1:7 and wherein the molar ratio of the one or more alkali metal compounds to the one or more early transition metal compounds is from about 1:0.5 to about 1:7.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more late transition metal compounds to the one or more alkali metal compounds is about 1:1.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the slurry solution comprises about 0.25 to about 7.5 percent by weight of the one or more alkali metal compounds.