Random number generator by superparamagnetism
In one general embodiment, a system includes at least one magnetic nanoparticle; a heating device for heating the at least one magnetic nanoparticle to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the at least one magnetic nanoparticle whereby a magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticle randomly switches between different detectable magnetic states upon heating thereof; and a magnetoresistance reading device for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the magnetic nanoparticle.
1. A system, comprising:
at least one magnetic nanoparticle;
a heating device for heating the at least one magnetic nanoparticle to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the at least one magnetic nanoparticle whereby a magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticle randomly switches between different detectable magnetic states upon heating thereof; and
a magnetoresistance reading device for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the magnetic nanoparticle,
wherein the at least one magnetic nanoparticle has binary anisotropy,
wherein a length of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle is greater than a width of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle,
wherein a deposition plane of the magnetoresistance reading device is about parallel to a surface of a substrate upon which the at least one magnetic nanoparticle resides.
2. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein an aspect ratio between the length and width of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle is greater than or equal to about 1.1 and less than or equal to about 3.
3. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnetic nanoparticle has random anisotropy.
4. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein a deposition plane of the magnetoresistance reading device is oriented perpendicular to a surface of a substrate upon which the at least one magnetic nanoparticle resides.
5. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein a deposition plane of the magnetoresistance reading device is oriented at an angle relative to a surface of a substrate upon which the at least one magnetic nanoparticle resides, wherein the angle is between 2 degrees and 89 degrees.
6. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a second magnetoresistance reading device.
7. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a controller for controlling the heating device.
8. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a device for generating a random number from one or more of the detected instantaneous magnetic states of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.
9. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least a second magnetic nanoparticle and at least a second magnetoresistance reading device.
10. A method of using the system as recited in claim 9 , comprising:
heating the at least one magnetic nanoparticle and the at least a second magnetic nanoparticle using the heating device to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the at least one magnetic nanoparticle and the at least a second magnetic nanoparticle, whereby a magnetization of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle and a magnetization of the at least a second magnetic nanoparticle randomly switch between different detectable magnetic states;
detecting the instantaneous magnetic state of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle using the magnetoresistance reading device;
detecting the instantaneous magnetic state of the at least a second magnetic nanoparticle using the at least a second magnetoresistance reading device; and
using one or more of the instantaneous magnetic states of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle and the at least a second magnetic nanoparticle to generate at least one of: multi-value random numbers and multiple simultaneous single value random numbers.
11. The system as recited in claim 9 , wherein a deposition plane of the magnetoresistance reading device is oriented at an angle relative to a surface of a substrate upon which the at least one magnetic nanoparticle resides, wherein the angle is between 2 degrees and 89 degrees, wherein a deposition plane of the at least a second magnetoresistance reading device is oriented parallel to the deposition plane of the magnetoresistance reading device.
12. A method of using the system as recited in claim 1 , comprising:
heating the at least one magnetic nanoparticle using the heating device to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the at least one magnetic nanoparticle whereby a magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticle randomly switches between different detectable magnetic states;
detecting the instantaneous magnetic state of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle using the magnetoresistance reading device; and
generating a random number from one or more of the instantaneous magnetic states of the magnetic nanoparticle.
13. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnetoresistance reading device is separated from the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.
14. The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein the magnetoresistance reading device is not physically coupled to the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.
15. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the heating device is separated from the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.
16. The system as recited in claim 15 , wherein the heating device is not physically coupled to the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.
17. A system, comprising:
at least one magnetic nanoparticle;
a heating device for heating the at least one magnetic nanoparticle to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the at least one magnetic nanoparticle whereby a magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticle randomly switches between different detectable magnetic states upon heating thereof;
a magnetoresistance reading device for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the magnetic nanoparticle; and
a controller for controlling the heating device;
wherein the at least one magnetic nanoparticle has binary anisotropy,
wherein a length of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle is greater than a width of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle,
wherein a width of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle is between about 5 nm and about 40 nm,
wherein an aspect ratio between the length and width of the at least one magnetic nanoparticle is greater than or equal to about 1.1 and less than or equal to about 3,
wherein the magnetoresistance reading device is separated from the at least one magnetic nanoparticle,
wherein the magnetoresistance reading device is not physically coupled to the at least one magnetic nanoparticle.