Articles, including wheels, having plasma vapor deposited (PVD) coating
An article is disclosed that includes a metallic layer overlaying a substrate surface; a plasma vapor deposited (PVD) oxide layer overlaying the metallic layer; and an exposed polymeric layer overlaying the oxide layer to form a protective layer at the interface between the exposed polymeric layer and the oxide layer.
1. An article comprising:
a substrate;
a primer polymer layer overlaying and contacting the substrate;
a chrome metallic layer overlaying and contacting the primer polymer layer;
a plasma vapor deposited (PVD) oxide layer overlaying the chrome metallic layer and having a thickness of 1 to 5 nanometers and a parameter of color change of the underlying chrome metallic layer determined according to the following equation:
Δ
E
ab
*
=
(
Δ
L
*
)
2
+
(
Δ
a
*
)
2
+
(
Δ
b
*
)
2
wherein L is a color brightness of the oxide layer, and a and b are color-opponent dimensions of the oxide layer and chrome metallic layer, wherein the ΔE* ab is less than 2.3;
an exposed polymeric layer overlaying the oxide layer; and
a protective layer at an interface between the exposed polymeric and oxide layers and being a reaction product of the exposed polymeric and oxide layers.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer directly contacts the exposed polymeric layer and the oxide layer.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer includes urethane linkages formed between the exposed polymeric layer and the oxide layer.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer includes M-O—Si bonds formed between the exposed polymeric layer and the oxide layer.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein the exposed polymeric layer includes a siloxane coupling agent.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer includes titanium oxide.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the exposed polymeric layer includes a carbamate clearcoat.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the ΔE* ab is less than 1.0.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the chrome metallic layer includes first and second chrome metallic sub-layers.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the chrome metallic layer includes first, second and third chrome metallic sub-layers.
11. An article comprising:
a chrome metallic layer overlaying a substrate surface;
a plasma vapor deposited (PVD) oxide layer overlaying the chrome metallic layer and having a thickness of 1 to 5 nanometers and a parameter of color change of the underlying chrome metallic layer determined according to the following equation:
Δ
E
ab
*
=
(
Δ
L
*
)
2
+
(
Δ
a
*
)
2
+
(
Δ
b
*
)
2
wherein L is a color brightness of the oxide layer, and a and b are color-opponent dimensions of the oxide layer and chrome metallic layer, wherein the ΔE* ab is less than 2.3;
an exposed polymeric layer overlaying the oxide layer; and
a protective layer at an interface between the exposed polymeric and oxide layers and being a reaction product of the exposed polymeric and oxide layers.
12. The article of claim 11 , wherein the ΔE* ab is less than 1.0.
13. The article of claim 11 , wherein the chrome metallic layer is a plasma vapor deposited (PVD) chrome metallic layer.
14. The article of claim 11 , wherein the PVD oxide layer is a transparent PVD oxide layer.
15. The article of claim 11 , wherein the chrome metallic layer includes first and second chrome metallic sub-layers.
16. The article of claim 11 , wherein the chrome metallic layer includes first, second and third chrome metallic sub-layers.