Microfluidic free interface diffusion techniques
A static fluid and a second fluid are placed into contact along a microfluidic free interface and allowed to mix by diffusion without convective flow across the interface. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the fluids are static and initially positioned on either side of a closed valve structure in a microfluidic channel having a width that is tightly constrained in at least one dimension. The valve is then opened, and no-slip layers at the sides of the microfluidic channel suppress convective mixing between the two fluids along the resulting interface. Applications for microfluidic free interfaces in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, protein crystallization studies, protein solubility studies, determination of properties of fluidics systems, and a variety of biological assays such as diffusive immunoassays, substrate turnover assays, and competitive binding assays.
1. A method of performing a chemotaxis assay on a microfluidic device, comprising:
providing a microfluidic device;
establishing a microfluidic free interface in the microfluidic device between a first static fluid having a motile cell and a second static fluid having a chemical, wherein establishing the microfluidic free interface includes exposing the motile cell to a concentration gradient of the chemical in the microfluidic device; and
detecting an activity of the motile cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the microfluidic free interface comprises:
i) positioning the first static fluid and the second static fluid on opposite sides of a closed valve; and
ii) opening the valve.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motile cell is a component of the immune system.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical elicits an immune-response.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the activity of the motile cell comprises detecting movement of the cell toward or away from the chemical.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the activity of the motile cell comprises detecting a rate of movement of the cell toward or away from the chemical.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising suppressing convective flow of the first static fluid and the second static fluid.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein positioning the first static fluid and the second static fluid on the opposite sides of the closed valve includes:
priming a first side and a second side of a channel with a gas, wherein the first side is located opposite the closed valve from the second side;
displacing the gas from the first side and the second side with the first static fluid and the second static fluid, respectively.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the channel includes material permeable to the gas, and wherein displacing the gas includes allowing the gas to permeate through the material of the channel.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the microfluidic free interface comprises:
introducing the first static fluid into a chamber; and
introducing the second static fluid into the chamber such that at least a portion of the first static fluid remains in the chamber to form a microfluidic free interface between the first static fluid and the second static fluid.