Method of synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves
A method for synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves is provided. The method includes providing a solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, adding sodium citrate and ammonium hydroxide to form a first mixture, adding a silica-based compound to the solution to form a second mixture, and sonicating the second mixture to synthesize a plurality of silica nanofibers having an average cross-sectional diameter of less than 70 nm and having a length on the order of at least several hundred microns. The method can be performed without heating or electrospinning, and instead includes less energy intensive strategies that can be scaled up to an industrial scale. The resulting nanofibers can achieve a decreased mean diameter over conventional fibers. The decreased diameter generally increases the tensile strength of the silica nanofibers, as defects and contaminations decrease with the decreasing diameter.
1. A method of forming oxide nanofibers comprising:
providing a polymer-based solution;
adding an oxide-based compound to the polymer-based solution to form a reaction mixture; and
sonicating the reaction mixture to synthesize a plurality of oxide nanofibers having an average cross-sectional diameter of not more than 70 nm;
wherein the oxide-based compound comprises a silica-based compound or a titania-based compound.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound includes tetraethyl orthosilicate.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein polymer-based solution includes polyvinyl pyrrolidone dissolved in an alcohol.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of pentanol, hexanol, heptanol and combinations thereof.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone includes 1.25 mM to 2.60 mM polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further including adding water, sodium citrate, ethanol, and ammonium hydroxide to the polymer-based solution to form the reaction mixture.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound includes tetraethyl orthosilicate and the reaction mixture includes 20 mM to 60 mM tetraethyl orthosilicate.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein sonicating the reaction mixture includes applying ultrasound energy to the reaction mixture in a bath sonic ator for greater than one hour.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further defined as a method of forming and converting oxide nanofibers, wherein the plurality of oxide nanofibers are silica nanofibers, and further including converting the plurality of silica nanofibers by reduction in the presence of one of magnesium metal and coke.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound comprises the silica-based compound.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the plurality of oxide nanofibers includes silica nanofibers.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound comprises the titania-based compound.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of oxide nanofibers includes titania nanofibers.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound includes titanium ethoxide.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide-based compound includes titanium isopropoxide.