Colored and opaque glass ceramic(s), associated colorable and ceramable glass(es), and associated process(es)
Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including β-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about −2 to about +2; and b*=from about −12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, β-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, β-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.
1. A colorable and ceramable glass composition suitable for ceramming to make a black colored or gray colored and opaque glass ceramic, the glass composition comprising in percent by weight (wt %) on an oxide basis from about 95 to about 99.7 of a base composition and the balance one or more colorants, and the following calculated composition in percent by weight (wt %) on an oxide basis:
a. SiO 2 : 53.5 to 70;
b. Al 2 O 3 : 16.9 to 24.5;
c. B 2 O 3 : 0 to 2;
d. Li 2 O: 3.3 to 4.5;
e. Na 2 O:0.3 to 0.5;
f. TiO 2 : 2.5 to 6.2;
g. MgO: 1.5 to 3;
h. ZnO: 0 to 2.2;
i. P 2 O 5 : 0 to 7.7;
j. Fe 2 O 3 : 0.3 to 2.5; and
k. one or more oxides of additional transition metals selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Cu: more than 0 to 3.5; and
l. one or more oxides of multivalent metals selected from the group consisting of Bi, V, and Sn: 0.
2. A colorable and ceramable glass composition according to claim 1 , wherein the glass composition is ceramable to an opaque material having color coordinates in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges:
i. L*=from about 20 to about 45;
ii. a*=from about −1.2 to about +0.5; and
iii. b*=from about −6 to about +1.
3. A colorable and ceramable glass composition according to claim 1 , wherein the glass composition is ceramable to an opaque material having color coordinates in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges:
i. L*=from about 25 to about 40;
ii. a*=from about −1.5 to about +1; and
iii. b*=from about −3.5 to about −2.