Method for processing crustaceans to produce low fluoride/low trimethyl amine products thereof
The present invention contemplates the creation of a low fluoride oil processed from a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) formed immediately upon a (i.e., for example, krill) catch. Further, the oil may also have reduced trimethyl amine and/or trimethyl amino oxide content. The process comprises disintegrating the s into smaller particles, adding water, heating the result, adding enzyme(s) to hydrolyze the disintegrated material, deactivating the enzyme(s), removing solids from the enzymatically processed material to reduce fluoride content of the material, separating and drying the PPC material. Then, using extraction with supercritical CO 2 or supercritical dimethyl ether, and/or ethanol as solvents, krill oil, inter alia, is separated from the PPC. In the extraction the krill oil can be separated almost wholly from the feed material.
1. A krill oil composition comprising a clear red color, phospholipids, less than 1 mg N/100g trimethyl amine and less than approximately 0.02% (w/w) trimethyl amine oxide.
2. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , wherein said clear red color is a result of a reduced pyrrole content, wherein said pyrrole content contributes a dark brown color.
3. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , wherein said phospholipids are between approximately 39-52 wt %.
4. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , further comprising triglycerides, neutral lipids, approximately 20-30 wt % polyunsaturated Omega-3 fatty acids, and at least approximately 0.8 wt % free fatty acids.
5. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , further comprising astaxanthin, wherein the level of astaxanthin is at least approximately 40 mg/kg.
6. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , further comprising astaxanthin, wherein the level of astaxanthin is at least approximately 100 mg/kg.
7. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 3% (g/100g of said composition) of said phospholipids comprise alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine, lyso alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine, alkyl acyl phosphatidylethanolamine, and lyso alkyl acyl phosphatidylethanolamine.
8. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 37% (g/100g of said composition) of said phospholipids comprise phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine.
9. The krill oil composition of claim 8 , wherein said phosphatidylethanolamine is at least 2wt % of said phospholipids.
10. The krill oil composition of claim 8 , wherein said phosphatidylcholine and said alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine comprise at least 70 wt % of said phospholipids.
11. The krill oil composition of claim 8 , wherein said phosphatidylcholine and said alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine comprise at least 75 wt % of said phospholipids.
12. The krill oil composition of claim 8 , wherein said phosphatidylcholine and said alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine comprise at least 85 wt % of said phospholipids.
13. The krill oil composition of claim 8 , wherein said phosphatidylcholine and said alkyl acyl phosphatidylcholine comprise at least 90 wt % of said phospholipids.
14. The krill oil composition of claim 1 , wherein said crustacean oil composition comprises less than 0.5 ppm fluoride.