Optical element comprising oriented carbon nanotube sheet and lithographic apparatus comprising such optical element
A lithographic apparatus includes an optical element that includes an oriented carbon nanotube sheet. The optical element has an element thickness in the range of about 20-500 nm and has a transmission for EUV radiation having a wavelength in the range of about 1-20 nm of at least about 20% under perpendicular irradiation with the EUV radiation.
1. A lithographic apparatus comprising an optical element, the optical element comprising an oriented carbon nanotube sheet comprising:
oriented nanotubes and EUV transparent material particles, the particles having a mean particle size up to 50 nm and being separate and distinct from the oriented nanotubes dispersed within the nanotube sheet, the optical element having an element thickness in the range of about 20-500 nm and having a transmission for EUV radiation having a wavelength in the range of 1-20 nm of at least 20% under perpendicular irradiation with the EUV radiation, the optical element being adapted to be self-supporting.
2. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the optical element further comprises an EUV transparent material layer, wherein the EUV transparent material layer and the nanotube sheet form a laminate.
3. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the EUV transparent material layer of the optical element comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Sr, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Ir, Au, Pa and U.
4. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the EUV transparent material layer of the optical element comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of oxides, borides, and nitrides, which are solid at room temperature, of the one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Sr, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Ir, Au, Pa and U.
5. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the EUV transparent material layer of the optical element comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of SiC, B 4 C and Si 3 N 4 .
6. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the EUV transparent material particles of the optical element comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Sr, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Ir, Au, Pa and U.
7. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the EUV transparent material particles of the optical element comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of oxides, borides, and nitrides, which are solid at room temperature, of the one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Sr, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Ir, Au, Pa and U.
8. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the EUV transparent material particles of the optical element comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of SiC, B 4 C and Si 3 N 44 .
9. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the EUV transparent material particles of the optical element comprise B 4 C.
10. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet has a tensile strength between 100-1500 MPa.
11. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet has a tensile strength between 200-1000 MPa.
12. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the optical element comprises one or more devices selected from the group consisting of: a transmissive spectral purity filter, a gas-lock, a window, a debris trapping system, and a mask pellicle.
13. The lithographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet is adapted to be self-supporting.
14. An optical element comprising an oriented carbon nanotube sheet comprising:
oriented nanotubes and EUV transparent material particles, the particles having a mean particle size up to 50 nm and being separate and distinct from the oriented nanotubes, dispersed within the nanotube sheet, the optical element having an element thickness in the range of about 20-500 nm and having a transmission for EUV radiation having a wavelength in the range of about 1-20 nm of at least about 20% under perpendicular irradiation with the EUV radiation, the optical element being adapted to be self-supporting.
15. The optical element according to claim 14 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet has a tensile strength between 100-1500 MPa.
16. The optical element according to claim 15 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet has a tensile strength between 200-1000 MPa.
17. The optical element according to claim 14 , comprising one or more devices selected from the group consisting of: a transmissive spectral purity filter, a gas-lock, a window, a debris trapping system, and a mask pellicle.
18. The optical element according to claim 14 , wherein the oriented carbon nanotube sheet is adapted to be self-supporting.