Compositions and methods for the sustained release of betaalanine
Methods and compositions are provided for increasing the anaerobic working capacity of muscle and other tissues. Also provided are compositions formulated for the sustained release of free beta-alanine. Also provided is a dietary supplement formulated, for example, as a solid food product, an edible suspension, liquid or semi-liquid as described herein.
1. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following ingestion of the dietary supplement by a human a concentration of beta-alanine in the human's blood does not exceed 200 μmol/L within 15 minutes following ingestion, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provide in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
2. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
3. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
4. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
5. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
6. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
7. The dietary supplement of claim 1 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
8. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following ingestion of the dietary supplement by a human a concentration of beta-alanine in the human's blood does not exceed 375 μmol/L within 30 minutes following ingestion, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
9. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
10. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
11. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
12. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
13. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
14. The dietary supplement of claim 8 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
15. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following ingestion of the dietary supplement by a human a concentration of beta-alanine in the human's blood does not exceed 300 μmol/L within 45 minutes following ingestion, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained released formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
16. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
17. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
18. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
19. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
20. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
21. The dietary supplement of claim 15 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
22. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following ingestion of the dietary supplement by a human a concentration of beta-alanine in the human's blood does not exceed 100 μmol/L within 75 minutes following ingestion, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
23. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
24. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
25. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
26. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
27. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
28. The dietary supplement of claim 22 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
29. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following dissolution in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for 1 hour the percentage of beta-alanine dissolved is less than, or equal to 27%, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
30. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
31. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
32. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
33. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
34. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
35. The dietary supplement of claim 29 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
36. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following dissolution in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for 2 hours the percentage of beta-alanine dissolved is less than, or equal to 47%, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
37. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
38. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
39. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
40. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
41. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
42. The dietary supplement of claim 36 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
43. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following dissolution in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for 3 hours the percentage of beta-alanine dissolved is less than, or equal to 63%, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
44. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
45. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
46. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
47. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
48. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
49. The dietary supplement of claim 43 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.
50. A dietary supplement comprising an amount of a microencapsulated, sustained release free beta-alanine, or a salt thereof in a microencapsulated, sustained release formulation, wherein following dissolution in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for 6 hours the percentage of beta-alanine dissolved is less than, or equal to 82%, wherein the free beta-alanine or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation of the dietary supplement is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10.0 grams.
51. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 10.0 grams.
52. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 1.0 to about 9.0 grams.
53. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 2.0 to about 8.0 grams.
54. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 3.0 to about 7.0 grams.
55. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the free beta-alanine, or salt thereof, in the sustained release formulation is provided in an amount ranging from about 4.0 to about 6.0 grams.
56. The dietary supplement of claim 50 wherein the sustained release formulation is in a solid, liquid or semi-liquid.