Methods, processes, and apparatuses for producing dyed and welded substrates
A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.
1. A dyeing and welding process comprising:
a) creating a suspension of a plurality of indigo dye particles in a first process solvent, wherein said first process solvent comprises an ionic liquid;
b) dissolving a first portion of said plurality of indigo dye particles in said first process solvent, wherein the dissolving does not include reduction of the indigo;
c) applying said first process solvent to a substrate, wherein said substrate comprises a cellulosic-based biopolymer;
d) controlling a temperature of said first process solvent and said substrate;
e) controlling a time for which said first process solvent interacts with said substrate; and,
f) removing at least a portion of said first process solvent.
2. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of applying a second process solvent to said substrate, wherein said second process solvent comprises a cellulosic-based biopolymer solution.
3. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 2 wherein said step of applying said second process solvent is further defined as occurring after said step of removing at least said portion of said first process solvent.
4. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 2 wherein said step of applying said second process solvent is further defined as occurring before said step of removing at least said portion of said first process solvent.
5. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 1 wherein said first process solvent is further defined as being selected from a group consisting of: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolum chloride, dimethylformamide.
6. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 1 wherein said step of removing at least a portion of said first process solvent is further defined as employing a reconstitution solvent comprised of a liquid having a non-zero vapor pressure.
7. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being capable of forming a mixture with a portion of ions in said first process solvent.
8. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being selected from a group consisting of a polar protic solvent and a polar aprotic solvent.
9. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least ten percent (10%) by weight water.
10. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least twenty percent (20%) by weight water.
11. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least thirty percent (30%) by weight water.
12. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least forty percent (40%) by weight water.
13. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least fifty percent (50%) by weight water.
14. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent is further defined as being at least sixty percent (60%) by weight water.
15. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 6 wherein said reconstitution solvent retains less than 10% of said plurality of indigo dye molecules.
16. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 15 wherein said substrate prior to application of said first process solvent is further defined as a yarn, said yarn further comprised of:
a) a plurality of fiber substrates adjacent to one another to form said yarn, wherein said plurality of fiber substrates contain said biopolymer;
b) a pigment dispersed throughout at least an exterior portion of said yarn, wherein said pigment comprises a plurality of pigment particles;
c) binder surrounding a portion of said plurality of pigment particles and a portion of said plurality of fiber substrates, wherein said binder affixes said portion of said plurality of indigo particles to a portion of said plurality of fiber substrates; and,
d) a binder shell surrounding a portion of said binder.
17. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said binder shell is further defined as not including any pigment particles therein.
18. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a modulus at least 50% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
19. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a modulus at least 100% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
20. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said pigment is further defined as comprising indigo.
21. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a hairiness that is reduced by at least 30% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
22. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a hairiness that is reduced by at least 65% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
23. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 1 wherein said substrate prior to application of said first process solvent is further defined as a yarn, said yarn further comprised of:
a) a plurality of fiber substrates adjacent to one another to form said yarn, wherein said plurality of fiber substrates contain a biopolymer;
b) a pigment dispersed throughout at least an exterior portion of said yarn, wherein said pigment comprises a plurality of pigment particles, wherein a first portion of said pigment dyes at least one of said fiber substrates, and wherein a second portion of said pigment results in pigment padding of at least one of said fiber substrates; and,
c) a binder surrounding said second portion of said plurality of pigment particles, wherein said binder affixes said second portion of said plurality of indigo particles to a portion of said plurality of fiber substrates.
24. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 23 wherein said yarn further comprises a binder shell positioned around a portion of said binder.
25. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 24 wherein said binder shell is further defined as not including any pigment particles therein.
26. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 23 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a modulus at least 50% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
27. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 23 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a modulus at least 100% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
28. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said pigment is further defined as comprising indigo.
29. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a hairiness that is reduced by at least 30% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
30. The dyeing and welding process according to claim 16 wherein said yarn is further defined as having a hairiness that is reduced by at least 65% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.