Immunostimulatory compositions and methods of use thereof
Lipid conjugates for enhanced delivery of cargo to the lymph nodes are disclosed. The lipid conjugates typically include three domains: a lipophilic domain that binds to albumin, a polar block domain, and a cargo such as a molecular adjuvant or immunostimulatory compound (such as an oligonucleotide) or antigenic peptide. Depending on the cargo, the length and compositions of the polar block can be tailored to push the equilibrium toward albumin binding, stable micelle formation, or cell insertion. The conjugates can be administered to a subject, for example, a subject with cancer or an infection, to induce or enhance a robust immune response in the subject.
1. A peptide conjugate comprising a peptide which is linked to a linker which is conjugated to an albumin-binding domain,
wherein the linker, or the peptide and linker in combination, is sufficiently polar to reduce insertion of the conjugate into a cell's membrane relative to the same peptide conjugate without the linker, and
wherein the conjugate is sufficiently soluble to bind to albumin under physiological conditions.
2. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of polymers, a string of amino acids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
3. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 wherein the linker comprises “N” consecutive ethylene glycol units, wherein N is 25-50.
4. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 wherein accumulation of the peptide conjugate in the lymph node following administration to a subject in vivo is increased relative to administration of the peptide alone.
5. A method of increasing an immune response in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the peptide conjugate of claim 1 to increase the immune response in the subject.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the immune response is an increase in the number of CD8+ T cell expressing TNF-α, or IFN-γ compared to a control.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the subject has cancer or an infectious disease.
8. A method of treating cancer or an infectious disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the peptide conjugate of claim 1 to reduce one or more symptoms of the cancer or infectious disease compared to a control.
9. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein accumulation of the conjugate in the lymph node following administration to a subject in vivo is increased relative to administration of the peptide conjugate in the absence of the linker.
10. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the linker comprises a polyethylene glycol unit.
11. The peptide conjugate of claim 10 , wherein the linker comprises more than 24 units of ethylene glycol.
12. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises 48 units of ethylene glycol.
13. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises no more than about 100 units of ethylene glycol.
14. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises between about 30 and about 80 units of ethylene glycol.
15. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises between about 20 and about 80 units of ethylene glycol.
16. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises between about 30 and about 70 units of ethylene glycol.
17. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises between about 40 and about 60 units of ethylene glycol.
18. The peptide conjugate of claim 11 , wherein the linker comprises between about 45 and about 55 units of ethylene glycol.
19. The peptide conjugate of claim 2 , wherein the linker is a hydrophilic polymer.
20. The peptide conjugate of claim 2 , wherein the linker is a string of hydrophilic amino acids.
21. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is derived from a virus, a bacterium, a parasite, a plant, a protozoan, a fungus, a tissue or a transformed cell.
22. The peptide conjugate of claim 21 , wherein the transformed cell is a cancer cell.
23. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the albumin-binding domain is a lipophilic molecule.
24. The peptide conjugate of claim 23 , wherein the lipophilic molecule is a lipid.
25. An immunogenic composition comprising a plurality of the peptide conjugates of claim 1 .
26. The immunogenic composition of claim 25 , further comprising an adjuvant.
27. The immunogenic composition of claim 26 , wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of Freund's adjuvant, alum, saponins, poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene (PCPP polymer), Flt3 ligand, Leishmania elongation factor, Iscom, Pam3Cys, SB-AS4, non-ionic block copolymers that form micelles, Montanide IMS, virosomes and viral-like particles, bacterial and microbial derivatives, immunostimulatory oligonucleotides, ADP-ribosylating toxins and detoxified derivatives, mineral-containing compositions, bioadhesives, mucoadhesives, microparticles, liposomes, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene ester, polyphosphazene, muramyl peptides, imidazoquinolone compounds, surface active substances, TLR ligands, cytokines, interleukins, interferons, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor.
28. A composition comprising a plurality of the peptide conjugates of claim 1 .
29. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of peptide conjugates comprises two or more species of peptide conjugates comprising different albumin-binding domains.
30. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of peptide conjugates comprises two or more species of peptide conjugates comprising different peptides.
31. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the plurality of peptide conjugates comprises two or more species of peptide conjugates comprising different linkers.
32. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the albumin binding domain is a lipid or lipophilic domain.
33. The peptide conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the linker is hydrophilic.
34. A peptide conjugate comprising a peptide which is linked to a linker which is conjugated to an albumin-binding domain,
wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of polymers, a string of amino acids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof,
wherein the linker, or the peptide and linker in combination, is sufficiently polar to reduce insertion of the conjugate into a cell's membrane relative to the same peptide conjugate without the linker, and
wherein the conjugate is sufficiently soluble to bind to albumin under physiological conditions.
35. The peptide conjugate of claim 24 wherein the lipid is a diacyl lipid.
36. The peptide conjugate of claim 24 wherein the acyl chains of the lipid comprise 12-30 hydrocarbon units.