Low firing silver conductor
The invention provides an electroconductive paste comprising metallic particles and an organic vehicle comprising an aldehyde resin and a solvent. The invention also provides an electroconductive paste comprising metallic particles comprising at least two types of metallic particles selected from the group consisting of a first metallic particle having an average particle size d 50 of at least about 1 μm and no more than about 4 μm, a second metallic particle having a d 50 of at least about 8 μm and no more than about 11.5 μm, and a third metallic particle having d 50 of at least about 5 μm and no more than about 8 μm, and an organic vehicle. The invention further provides an article comprising a glass substrate comprising a transparent conductive oxide coating and a conductive electrode formed by applying aforementioned conductive paste on said glass substrate, and a method of producing such an article.
1. An electroconductive paste comprising:
about 5% to about 95% of each of at least two types of metallic particles each having a different particle size, selected from the group consisting of a first metallic particle having an average particle size d 50 of at least about 1 μm and no more than about 4 μm, a second metallic particle having a d 50 of at least about 8 μm and no more than about 12 μm, and a third metallic particle having d 50 of at least about 5 μm and no more than about 8 μm, based upon 100% total weight of the electroconductive paste;
0.1 to 0.6 wt % of a lead-borate glass frit, based upon 100% total weight of the electroconductive paste; and
an organic vehicle comprising an aldehyde resin and a solvent,
wherein one of the at least two types of metallic particles is a silver resinate with a silver content of about 20% to about 50%, and
wherein the glass softening temperature of the glass frit is at least about 330° C. and is no more than about 380° C.
2. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde resin is a condensation product of urea and aliphatic aldehydes.
3. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde resin is at least about 5 wt % of paste and no more than about 20 wt % of paste, based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
4. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the organic vehicle is at least about 10 wt % of paste and no more than about 60 wt % based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
5. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic particles are metallic flakes, metallic powders, or any combination thereof.
6. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein one of the at least two types of metallic particles is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, palladium, platinum, gold, iridium, rhodium, osmium, rhenium, ruthenium, nickel, lead, and mixtures of at least two thereof.
7. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic particles are at least 30 wt % of paste, and no more than about 95 wt % based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
8. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass frit is at least about 200° C., and no more than about 500° C.
9. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the first metallic particle is at least about 5 wt % of paste and no more than about 95 wt %, based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
10. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the second metallic particle is at least about 5 wt %, and no more than about 95 wt %, based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
11. The electroconductive paste according to claim 1 , wherein the third metallic particle is at least about 5 wt % and no more than about 95 wt %, based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
12. The electroconductive paste according to claim 3 , wherein the aldehyde resin is at least about 10 wt % of paste and no more than about 20 wt % of paste, based upon 100% total weight of the paste.
13. The electroconductive paste according to claim 4 , wherein the organic vehicle is at least about 15 wt % and no more than about 40 wt %.
14. The electroconductive paste according to claim 6 , wherein the metallic particles are silver and silver resinate.
15. The electroconductive paste according to claim 7 , wherein the metallic particles are at least about 40 wt % of paste and no more than about 80 wt % of paste.
16. The electroconductive paste according to claim 8 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass frit is at least about 200° C. and no more than about 400° C.