Fuel cell electrode having nitrogen-doped graphene and passage channel

1. A fuel cell electrode, comprising:

a substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, wherein the substrate is formed of silicon carbide;

a passage channel connecting the first surface and the second surface, wherein the passage channel is formed of a plurality of pores connected to each other; and

a nitrogen-doped graphene layer disposed within the plurality of pores connected to each other to form the passage channel so that the nitrogen-doped graphene layer covers an inside of the passage channel,

wherein an air is received from the second surface of the substrate and an oxygen reduction reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogen-doped graphene layer so that the oxygen reduction reaction generates a byproduct including water or elemental oxygen, and

wherein the byproduct of the oxygen reduction reaction is discharged from the plurality of pores of the passage channel to the first surface.

2. The fuel cell electrode of claim 1 , further comprising graphite disposed on the first surface of the substrate.

3. The fuel cell electrode of claim 1 ,

wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene layer is doped with nitrogen atoms.

4. The fuel cell electrode of claim 3 ,

wherein a concentration of the nitrogen atoms is uniform along a direction from the first surface to the second surface.

5. The fuel cell electrode of claim 3 ,

wherein a concentration of the nitrogen atoms is gradually decreasing along a direction from the first surface to the second surface.

6. The fuel cell electrode of claim 1 ,

wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene layer is in contact with an inside of each of the plurality of pores connected to each other to form the passage channel.

7. The fuel cell electrode of claim 1 ,

wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene layer includes a graphitic nitrogen atom, a pyridinic nitrogen atom or a pyrrolic nitrogen atom.

8. A fuel cell, comprising:

an anode electrode;

a cathode electrode;

an electrolyte interposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode,

wherein the cathode electrode comprising:

a substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, wherein the substrate is formed of silicon carbide, and

wherein the first surface is in contact with the electrolyte;

a passage channel connecting the first surface and the second surface, wherein the passage channel is formed of a plurality of pores connected to each other; and

a nitrogen-doped graphene layer disposed within the plurality of pores connected to each other to form the passage channel so that the nitrogen-doped graphene layer covers an inside of the passage channel,

wherein an air is received from the second surface of the substrate and an oxygen reduction reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogen-doped graphene layer so that the oxygen reduction reaction generates a byproduct including water or elemental oxygen, and

wherein the byproduct of the oxygen reduction reaction is discharged from the plurality of pores of the passage channel to the first surface.

9. The fuel cell of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte includes a phosphoric acid solution, a potassium hydroxide solution or water.

10. The fuel cell of claim 8 ,

wherein the substrate is formed of silicon carbide.

11. The fuel cell of claim 8 ,

wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene layer is in contact with an inside of each of the pores.

12. The fuel cell of claim 8 ,

wherein an oxygen reduction reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogen-doped graphene layer so that the oxygen reduction reaction generates a byproduct including water or elemental oxygen.

13. A fuel cell electrode, comprising:

a substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface and including a plurality of pores, wherein the substrate is formed of silicon carbide or aluminum oxide;

a passage channel formed of the plurality of pores connected to each other so that the passage channel penetrates the substrate from the first surface to the second surface; and

a nitrogen-doped graphene layer disposed within the plurality of pores of the passage channel so that the nitrogen-doped graphene layer covers an inside of the passage channel,

wherein an air is received from the second surface of the substrate and an oxygen reduction reaction is catalyzed by the nitrogen-doped graphene layer so that the oxygen reduction reaction generates a byproduct including water or elemental oxygen, and

wherein the byproduct of the oxygen reduction reaction is discharged from the plurality of pores of the passage channel to the first surface.

14. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13 , further comprising graphite disposed on the first surface of the substrate.

15. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13 ,

wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene layer is doped with nitrogen atoms.