Solid-state multi-layer electrolyte, electrochemical cell and battery including the electrolyte, and method of forming same
An electrochemical cell including a multi-layer solid-state electrolyte, a battery including the cell, and a method of forming the battery and cell are disclosed. The electrolyte includes a first layer that is compatible with the anode of the cell and a second layer that is compatible with the cathode of the cell. The cell exhibits improved performance compared to cells including a single-layer electrolyte.
1. A solid-state electrochemical cell based on lithium ion transport, the cell comprising:
an anode;
a cathode comprising cathode active material particles coated with 1 to 5 conformal atomic layers of metal oxide coating material, the metal oxide coating material comprising at least one of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide;
and
a solid-state electrolyte interposed between and in contact with the anode and cathode,
wherein the solid-state electrolyte comprises: a first electrolyte layer in contact with the anode and that comprises lithium phosphosulfide with no group 14 element; and
a second electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode and that comprises lithium phosphosulfide with a group 14 element.
2. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, indium metal, silicon composite material, silicon alloys, carbon, and combination of these materials.
3. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material particles comprise lithium and oxygen, and further comprise at least one of i) cobalt ii) nickel, cobalt and aluminum; iii) nickel, manganese and cobalt iv) iron and phosphorous; or v) titanium.
4. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material particles have an average particle size ranging from about 0.01 μm to about 20 μm.
5. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electrolyte layer comprises xLi 2 S(1−x)P 2 S 5 , where x is a molar ratio and ranges from about 60 to about 80.
6. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first electrolyte layer comprises particles with size of about 0.5 to about 20 μm.
7. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the second electrolyte layer comprises particles with a size of about 0.5 to about 20 μm.
8. The solid-state electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the second electrolyte layer comprises Li x Ge y P z S 4 , where x, y, z are mole concentrations and range from 2.3<x<4, 0<y<1, and 0<z<1.