Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin, wherein the surface of the toner particle is covered with a resin A; the modulus of elasticity Ea of the resin A and the modulus of elasticity Eb of the binder resin satisfy the following formula: 0.5≤( Ea/Eb )×100≤50.0; and the adhesion force A T of the toner particle is at least 500 nN when a probe having spherical SiO 2 attached at the tip of a cantilever is pressed into the toner particle at 3 μN.
1. A toner comprising a toner particle including:
a toner base particle containing a binder resin, the binder resin being a vinyl resin, a polyester resin, or a hybrid resin provided by their bonding; and
a covering layer on the surface of the toner base particle, said covering layer containing a resin A, wherein
resin A is a polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer having a hydrophilic group, and is present at the surface of the toner particle,
the modulus of elasticity Ea of the resin A and the modulus of elasticity Eb of the binder resin satisfy 0.5≤(Ea/Eb)×100[%]≤50.0, and
the adhesion force A T of the toner particle is at least 500 nN when a probe having spherical SiO 2 attached at the tip of a cantilever is pressed into the toner particle at 3 μN.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of coverage of the toner particle surface by the resin A is at least 70%.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the A T is at least 600 nN, and
the toner comprises fine particles on the surface of the toner particle, the fine particles satisfying specifications i) and ii):
i) the number-average particle diameter of the fine particles is at least 0.090 μm; and
ii) the ratio of coverage C (%) of the toner particle by the fine particles satisfies formula (1)
C
>
3
π
18
D
E
(
D
T
+
D
E
)
2
D
T
3
×
100
(
1
)
where D T represents the number-average particle diameter D1 (μm) of the toner particle and D E represents the number-average particle diameter D1 (μm) of the fine particles.
4. The toner according to claim 3 , wherein a value (percentage mass change/specific surface area) obtained by dividing the percentage mass change for the fine particles by the specific surface area of the fine particles is not more than 0.055%·g/m 2 , wherein the percentage mass change is obtained when the fine particles are held for 24 hours in an environment having a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 5% followed by holding for 1 hour in an environment having a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80%.