Polymerized in-situ hybrid solid ion-conductive compositions
Provided herein are methods of forming solid-state ionically conductive composite materials that include particles of an inorganic phase in a matrix of an organic phase. The methods involve forming the composite materials from a precursor that is polymerized in-situ after being mixed with the particles. The polymerization occurs under applied pressure that causes particle-to-particle contact. In some embodiments, once polymerized, the applied pressure may be removed with the particles immobilized by the polymer matrix. In some implementations, the organic phase includes a cross-linked polymer network. Also provided are solid-state ionically conductive composite materials and batteries and other devices that incorporate them. In some embodiments, solid-state electrolytes including the ionically conductive solid-state composites are provided. In some embodiments, electrodes including the ionically conductive solid-state composites are provided.
1. A composition comprising:
a solid cross-linked polymer matrix that has substantially no added salts and is non-ionically conductive; and
ionically conductive inorganic particles constrained in the solid cross-linked polymer matrix,
wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are lithium-containing inorganic particles or sodium-containing inorganic particles, wherein the composition has an ionic conductivity of at least 10 −4 S/cm at room temperature and wherein the composition is characterized by exhibiting the same ionic conductivity under applied pressures of 0.1 MPa and 95 MPa.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein contacting ionically conductive inorganic particles form ionically conductive pathways throughout the composition.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles embedded in the solid cross-linked polymer matrix exhibit the same crystallization temperature as pristine ionically conductive particles.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise partially crystalline particles.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise amorphous particles.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise isotropic conductive paths.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise ceramic particles.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are lithium-containing inorganic particles.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are sodium-containing inorganic particles.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solid cross-linked polymer matrix comprises a polyolefin, a polysiloxane, polystyrene, a cyclic olefin polymer, poly(urethane), a poly(ureaurethane), poly(thiourethane), a poly(acrylate), a poly(methacrylate), a poly(maleimide), poly(acrylamide), a poly(methacrylamide), or a cured epoxy resin.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are sulfides.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are oxides.
13. A composition comprising:
a solid cross-linked polymer matrix that has substantially no added salts and is non-ionically conductive;
ionically conductive inorganic particles constrained in the solid cross-linked polymer matrix, the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprising isotropic conductive paths;
wherein the composition has an ionic conductivity of at least 10 −4 S/cm at room temperature, wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles embedded in the solid cross-linked polymer matrix exhibit the same crystallization temperature as pristine ionically conductive particles.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein contacting ionically conductive inorganic particles form ionically conductive pathways throughout the composition.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise partially crystalline particles.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise amorphous particles.
17. A composition comprising:
a solid cross-linked polymer matrix that has substantially no added salts and is non-ionically conductive;
ionically conductive inorganic particles constrained in the solid cross-linked polymer matrix, the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprising isotropic conductive paths;
wherein the composition has an ionic conductivity of at least 10 −4 S/cm at room temperature.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein contacting ionically conductive inorganic particles form ionically conductive pathways throughout the composition.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise partially crystalline particles.
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise amorphous particles.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise glass-ceramic particles.