Electrolytes for calcium-based secondary cell and calcium-based secondary cell comprising the same
The present disclosure concerns an electrolyte suitable for calcium-based secondary cells, comprising calcium ions and an electrolyte medium, wherein the electrolyte is not solid at standard conditions and wherein the electrolyte medium includes at least two distinct non-aqueous solvents.
1. An electrolyte comprising calcium ions and an electrolyte medium, wherein the electrolyte is not solid and has a viscosity of lower than 10 cP at a temperature of about 20° C. and a pressure of 1 atm and wherein the electrolyte medium includes at least two distinct non-aqueous solvents, and wherein the calcium ions are in the form of a calcium salt comprising Ca(BF 4 ) 2 .
2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two distinct non-aqueous solvents is independently selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, cyclic esters, cyclic ethers, linear ethers and mixtures thereof.
3. The electrolyte according to claim 2 , wherein the medium includes ethylene carbonate (EC).
4. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the medium includes ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC).
5. The electrolyte according to claim 4 , wherein the medium includes a combination of formula EC h :PC 1-h wherein the ratio is expressed as volume:volume and h is 0≤h≤1.
6. The electrolyte according to claim 4 , wherein the medium includes a combination of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), having formula EC x :PC y :DMC z wherein the ratio is expressed as volume:volume and 0≤x,y,z≤1 and x+y+z=1.
7. A calcium-based secondary cell comprising:
a negative electrode that includes a negative-electrode active material, said negative-electrode active material being capable of accepting and releasing calcium ions,
a positive electrode that includes a positive-electrode active material, said positive-electrode active material being capable of accepting and releasing calcium ions,
an electrolyte arranged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, said electrolyte being as defined in claim 1 .
8. The cell according to claim 7 , further comprising a temperature control element.
9. The cell according to claim 7 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative-electrode active material, said active material comprising metallic calcium or a calcium alloy.
10. The cell according to claim 9 , wherein the negative electrode active material includes metallic calcium.
11. The cell according to claim 9 , wherein the negative-electrode active material comprises a calcium alloy which is such that the potential of the negative electrode is lower than about 2.5V vs. Ca 2+ /Ca and has a specific capacity which is higher than about 200 mAh/g.
12. The cell according to claim 9 , wherein the alloy has formula (I) Ca m B wherein m is 0≤m≤3 and B is a metal or a semi-conductor element.
13. The cell according to claim 7 , wherein the negative electrode is a composite film negative electrode.
14. A method for operating a calcium-based secondary cell according to claim 7 , said method including the step of setting cell operating temperature between about 30° C. and 150° C.
15. A non-aqueous calcium-based secondary battery comprising a calcium-based secondary cell according to claim 7 .
16. A vehicle, an electronic device or a stationary power generating device comprising a non-aqueous calcium-based secondary battery according to claim 15 .