Mixed salt compositions for maintaining or restoring electrolyte balance while producing elevated and sustained ketosis
Ketogenic compositions including a beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) mixed salt are formulated to induce or sustain ketosis in a subject to which the ketogenic compositions are administered. The BHB mixed salt is formulated to provide a biologically balanced set of cationic electrolytes, and is formulated to avoid detrimental health effects associated with imbalanced electrolyte ratios. A ketogenic composition includes BHB salts of at least sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The BHB salts may also include at least other component such as a BHB compound containing other cations, such as transition metal cations (e.g., zinc or iron), a BHB-amino acid salts, medium chain fatty acid source, vitamin D 3 , flavorant, or other excipient.
1. A composition for maintaining or restoring electrolyte balance while promoting and/or sustaining ketosis in a mammal, comprising:
a beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt formed from at least four different cations and comprising:
10-70% by weight of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
10-70% by weight of magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt is in solid and/or powder form.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 10% to about 30%, by weight, of the sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 10% to about 30%, by weight, of the potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 10% to about 40%, by weight, of the calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 10% to about 40%, by weight, of the magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising vitamin D 3.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises about 5μg to about 200 μg of the vitamin D 3.
8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises about 200IU to about 8000IU of the vitamin D 3.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt further comprises at least one transition metal beta-hydroxybutyrate.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 2% to about 40%, by weight, of zinc beta-hydroxybutyrate.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprises about 2% to about 40%, by weight, of iron beta-hydroxybutyrate.
12. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one medium chain fatty acid, or a mono-, di- or triglyceride of the at least one medium chain fatty acid.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the at least one medium chain fatty acid has from 6 to 12 carbons.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the at least one medium chain fatty acid has from 8 to 10 carbons.
15. A composition for maintaining or restoring electrolyte balance while promoting and/or sustaining ketosis in a mammal, comprising:
a beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt formed from at least four different cations and comprising:
10-70% by weight of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
a beta-hydroxybutyrate-amino acid salt,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt is in solid and/or powder form.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate-amino acid salt includes at least one cationic amino acid or amino acid metabolite.
17. The composition of claim 15 , further comprising at least one medium chain fatty acid, or a mono-, di- or triglyceride of the at least one medium chain fatty acid.
18. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the at least one cationic amino acid or amino acid metabolite is selected arginine, lysine, leucine, iso-leucine, histidine, ornithine, citrulline, glutamine, or creatine.
19. A composition for maintaining or restoring electrolyte balance while promoting or sustaining ketosis in a mammal, the composition comprising:
a beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt formulated from a plurality of different cations and a single anion, wherein the single anion is beta-hydroxybutyrate, and wherein other anions are omitted from the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt, the cations being formulated so as to provide a biologically balanced set of cationic electrolytes upon administration to a mammal,
the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt comprising at least three salts selected from the group consisting of:
10-70% by weight of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
10-70% by weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
10-70% by weight of magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt is in solid and/or powder form.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the molar ratio of sodium ions to potassium ions is no greater than 1, and wherein the molar ratio of calcium ions to magnesium ions is no greater than 1.
21. The composition of claim 19 , further comprising at least one beta-hydroxybutyrate-amino acid salt that includes beta-hydroxybutyrate and at least one of arginine, lysine, leucine, iso-leucine, histidine, ornithine, citrulline, glutamine, or creatine.
22. The composition of claim 19 , further comprising at least one medium chain fatty acid, or a mono- di- or triglyceride of the at least one medium chain fatty acid.