Methods of treating castration-resistant prostate cancer with glucocorticoid receptor antagonists
Methods are directed to the treatment of subjects with prostate cancer, in particular those with castration resistant prostate cancer, with glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. The prostate cancer may be one that has become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy, for example, by increase in glucocorticoid receptor expression and/or activity.
1. A method of treating castration-resistant prostate cancer in a patient, comprising:
a) administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist; and
b) administering an anticancer therapy,
whereby said castration-resistant prostate cancer is treated in the patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anticancer therapy is selected from: administration of radiation or a radioisotope; administration of a chemotherapeutic agent; administration of an androgen synthesis inhibitor; administration of an androgen receptor antagonist; immunotherapy; administration of an immunomodulatory agent; laser therapy; administration of a kinase inhibitor; administration of a cytostatic agent; administration of a differentiation agent; administration of a cell adhesion inhibitor; administration of an agent that affects the upregulation of cell surface receptors; administration of an agent that affects the upregulation of GAP junctions; administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor; and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GR antagonist has a lower level of activity as a progesterone receptor antagonist as compared to its level of activity as a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GR antagonist is mifepristone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GR antagonist is selected from the group consisting of pyrimidinediones, azadecalins, and aryl pyrazolo azadecalins.
6. A method of treating castration-resistant prostate cancer in a patient, the method comprising:
a) administering a first anticancer therapy to said patient;
b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a GR antagonist to the patient; and
c) administering a second anticancer therapy to the patient after the GR antagonist is administered to the patient,
whereby said castration-resistant prostate cancer is treated in the patient.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said first anticancer therapy and said second anticancer therapy each comprise an anticancer therapy selected from: administration of radiation or a radioisotope; administration of a chemotherapeutic agent; administration of an androgen synthesis inhibitor; administration of an androgen receptor antagonist; immunotherapy; administration of an immunomodulatory agent; laser therapy; administration of a kinase inhibitor; administration of a cytostatic agent; administration of a differentiation agent; administration of a cell adhesion inhibitor; administration of an agent that affects the upregulation of cell surface receptors; administration of an agent that affects the upregulation of GAP junctions; administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor; and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said GR antagonist has a lower level of activity as a progesterone receptor antagonist as compared to its level of activity as a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said GR antagonist is selected from the group consisting of pyrimidinediones, azadecalins, and aryl pyrazolo azadecalins.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein said GR antagonist is mifepristone.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said prostate cancer comprises chemotherapy-insensitive prostate cancer cells, and wherein said step b) comprises:
b) administering a chemotherapeutic to said patient,
whereby chemotherapy-insensitive prostate cancer cells are treated in the patient.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein said prostate cancer comprises chemotherapy-insensitive prostate cancer cells, and wherein said step c) comprises:
c) administering a second chemotherapeutic to said patient after the GR antagonist is administered to the patient,
whereby chemotherapy-insensitive prostate cancer cells are treated in the patient.
13. A method of killing castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in a patient comprising:
administering to said patient an effective amount of a combination of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist and an anticancer therapy,
wherein said combination comprises administration of said GR antagonist to the patient prior to, concurrently with, or after, the administration of said anticancer therapy to the patient, whereby said castration-resistant prostate cancer cells are killed in the patient.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said prostate cancer cells comprise chemotherapy-insensitive prostate cancer cells.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said anticancer therapy comprises administration of one or more of an anticancer therapeutic selected from an androgen synthesis inhibitor, an androgen receptor antagonist, immunotherapy, an anti-kinase, a chemotherapeutic agent selected from capecitabine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), daunorubicin, docetaxel (Taxotere), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), epirubicin (Ellence), fluorouracil (also called 5-fluorouracil or 5-FU), gemcitabine, eribulin, ixabepilone, methotrexate, mitomycin C, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel (Taxol), thiotepa, vincristine, and vinorelbine, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anticancer therapy comprises administration of an anticancer compound selected from the group consisting of androgen synthesis inhibitors, androgen receptor antagonists, kinase inhibitors, and anti-angiogenic agents.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GR antagonist is mifepristone and wherein said anticancer therapy comprises administration of an androgen synthesis inhibitor or an androgen receptor antagonist, or both.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GR antagonist is mifepristone and wherein said anticancer therapy comprises administration of MDV-3100.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anticancer therapy comprises an immunotherapy.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein one or both of said first anticancer therapy and said second anticancer therapy comprises administration of a) an androgen synthesis inhibitor, b) an androgen receptor antagonist, or both a) and b).