Sustained polypeptide expression from synthetic, modified RNAs and uses thereof
Described herein are synthetic, modified RNAs for changing the phenotype of a cell, such as expressing a polypeptide or altering the developmental potential. Accordingly, provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits comprising synthetic, modified RNAs for changing the phenotype of a cell or cells. These methods, compositions, and kits comprising synthetic, modified RNAs can be used either to express a desired protein in a cell or tissue, or to change the differentiated phenotype of a cell to that of another, desired cell type.
1. A method of making induced pluripotent stem cells, the method comprising contacting mammalian somatic cells in vitro with synthetic, modified RNAs encoding OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 at least three times, wherein each cytosine of each of the synthetic modified RNAs is replaced with 5-methylcytosine and each uracil of each of the synthetic modified RNAs is replaced with pseudouracil, such that iPS cells are obtained.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the synthetic, modified RNAs encoding OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 further comprises a 5′ cap.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the 5′ cap is a 5′ cap analog.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the 5′ cap analog is a 5′ diguanosine cap.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the synthetic, modified RNAs encoding OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 does not comprise a 5′ triphosphate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the synthetic, modified RNAs encoding OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 further comprises a poly(A) tail, a Kozak sequence, a 3′ untranslated region, a 5′ untranslated region, or any combination thereof.