Lithium-ion battery

1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:

a positive electrode plate containing a lithium metal oxide as a positive electrode active material;

a negative electrode plate containing carbon as a negative electrode active material;

a separator having a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface, the separator being disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate with the first surface contacting the negative electrode plate, and the second surface contacting the positive electrode plate; and

an electrolytic solution of a lithium ion dissolved as an electrolyte in an organic solvent,

wherein the separator includes a support layer, and a separation functional layer having a smaller pore size and a lower porosity than the support layer,

wherein the separation functional layer has the porosity of at most 1%, and at least above 0%

wherein an average thickness of the separation functional layer is from 10 nm to 100 nm,

wherein the separation functional layer has an average pore diameter of from 0.3 nm to 0.8 nm, and

wherein the separator includes the separation functional layer on at least one of a side of the first surface and a side of the second surface.

2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the separation functional layer is disposed on the side of the first surface of the separator, and wherein the support layer is disposed on the side of the second surface.

3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein an average thickness of the separation functional layer is smaller than an average thickness of the support layer.

4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the pore size of the separation functional layer on average is smaller than an ion solvated by the electrolytic solution, and is larger than a solvated lithium ion.

5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the separator blocks movement of at least one of iron, copper, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, and chromium ions between the first surface and the second surface at a higher rate than the rate at which movement of lithium present in the electrolytic solution is blocked by the separator between the first surface and the second surface.

6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the separation functional layer is made of any one of regenerated cellulose, a cellulose ester, polyacrylnitrile, Teflon, a polyester-based polymer alloy, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polysulfone, a polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyvinyl alcohol, an ethylene-vinyl copolymer, and polyvinyl chloride.

7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the support layer is made of any one of regenerated cellulose, a cellulose ester, a polysulfone, a polyether sulfone, a polyvinyl alcohol, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, vinylon, a polyamide, a polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the separation functional layer is also formed in a region that is in contact with side walls of the support layer.

9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 8 , wherein the separation functional layer is thinner in a portion that is in contact with the side walls than in a portion that is in contact with the positive electrode plate or the negative electrode plate.

10. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the separation functional layer is thicker toward side wall sides of the support layer in a portion that is in contact with the positive electrode plate or the negative electrode plate.