Calcium hydroxide-containing compositions and associated systems and methods
Calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can be manufactured by slaking quicklime, and subsequently drying and milling the slaked product. The resulting calcium hydroxide-containing composition can have a size, steepness, pore volume, and/or other features that render the compositions suitable for treatment of exhaust gases and/or removal of contaminants. In some embodiments, the calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can include a D 10 from about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns, a D 90 less than about 30 microns, and a ratio of D 90 to D 10 from about 8 to about 20, wherein individual particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m 2 /g.
1. A composition for treating acid gases, the composition comprising:
calcium hydroxide particles including—
a D 10 from about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns,
a D 90 less than about 30 microns, and
a ratio of D 90 to D 10 from about 8 to about 20,
wherein individual calcium hydroxide particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m 2 /g.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles include a flow factor index from about 2 to about 4.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles include an average pore volume from about 0.1 cm 3 /g to about 0.3 cm 3 /g.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the ratio of D 90 to D 10 is from about 10 to about 15.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles have a D 50 from about 7 microns to about 15 microns.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles have a moisture content less than about 2% by weight.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles have a surface area greater than or equal to about 35 m 2 /g.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the calcium hydroxide particles have a loose density from about 15 lb/ft 3 to about 25 lb/ft 3 , and a packed density from about 28 lb/ft 3 to about 34 lb/ft 3 .
9. A method of forming a composition of calcium hydroxide-containing particles, the method comprising:
combining particles including calcium oxide (CaO) and water to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) particles;
milling the calcium hydroxide particles to reduce particle size diameter of the calcium hydroxide particles; and
drying the calcium hydroxide particles,
wherein the calcium hydroxide particles, after milling and drying, include—
a D 10 from about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns,
a D 90 less than about 30 microns,
a ratio of D 90 to D 10 of from about 8 to about 20, and
a flow factor index from about 2 to about 4, and
wherein individual calcium hydroxide particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m 2 /g.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein combining particles including calcium oxide and water occurs in a hydrator, the method further comprising:
after combining the particles in the hydrator, adding an additive to the calcium hydroxide particles to improve product reactivity and/or increase the flow factor index of the calcium hydroxide particles.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the additive includes ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein combining particles including calcium oxide and water is performed in the presence of one or more additives, wherein the one or more additives includes monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein:
milling the calcium hydroxide particles comprises placing the calcium hydroxide particles into at least one of a grinding mill or an impact mill, and
drying the calcium hydroxide particles comprises indirectly heating the particles with a drying gas that has a temperature between about 150° C. and about 425° C.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein combining the particles including calcium oxide and water occurs in a hydrator, and wherein a rate at which the particles including calcium oxide and water are combined is based at least in part on a moisture content of the calcium hydroxide particles leaving the hydrator.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the calcium hydroxide particles further include:
a flow factor index from about 2 to about 3,
an average pore volume at least about 0.1 cm 3 /g,
a D 50 from about 7 microns to about 15 microns, and
a moisture content less than about 2.0% by weight.
16. A method of treating an exhaust gas having one or more acidic species, the method comprising:
providing a composition having at least 90% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) particles, wherein the particles include—
a D 10 between about 0.5 microns and 4 microns,
a D 90 less than about 30 microns,
a ratio of D 90 to D 10 between about 8 and about 20, and
a flow factor index between about 2 and about 4,
wherein individual particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m 2 /g; and
contacting the composition with the exhaust gas to cause the calcium hydroxide particles to react with the one or more acidic species.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising, prior to contacting the composition with the exhaust gas, dispersing the composition, via a pressurized gas, across a surface area of a flue gas duct, wherein dispersing the composition causes the composition to substantially cover a cross-sectional area of the duct.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising, prior to dispersing the composition, humidifying the exhaust gas to enhance removal of the one or more acidic species or other contaminants via the dispersed composition.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the exhaust gas is associated with a power plant, paper mill, cement facility, or industrial boiler.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein the acidic species includes at least one of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), arsenic (As) or selenium (Se).