Method of forming an optically-finished thin diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window of high aspect ratio
In a method of forming a diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window, a silicon substrate is provided and the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is CVD grown on a surface of the silicon substrate. The grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window has an aspect ratio ≥100, wherein the aspect ratio is a ratio of a largest dimension of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window divided by a thickness of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window. The silicon substrate has a thickness greater than or equal to 2 mm. The silicon substrate can optionally be removed or separated from the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.
1. A method of forming a planar, free-standing diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window comprising:
(a) CVD growing on a surface of a silicon substrate a diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window having an aspect ratio ≥100 and a thickness between 150-999 microns, wherein the aspect ratio is a ratio of a largest dimension of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window divided by a thickness of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window; and
(b) chemically or mechanically removing the silicon substrate from the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon substrate has a thickness ≥2 mm.
3. The method of claim 1 , further including, prior to step (a), polishing the surface of the silicon substrate to an optical finish having a surface roughness (Ra)≤20 nm.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window has an Ra greater than the Ra of the polished surface of the silicon substrate; and
for an Ra of the polished the surface of the silicon substrate ≤20 nm, the Ra of the nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is ≤50 nm.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window has an Ra greater than the Ra of the polished surface of the silicon substrate; and
for an Ra of the polished the surface of the silicon substrate ≤15 nm, the Ra of the nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is ≤30 nm.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window has an Ra greater than the Ra of the polished surface of the silicon substrate; and
for an Ra of the polished the surface of the silicon substrate ≤2 nm, the Ra of the nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is ≤10 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the silicon substrate and a nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window each have a surface roughness (Ra)≥750 nm.
8. The method of claim 1 , further including, while the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is still on the silicon substrate, polishing a growth surface of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window to a surface roughness (Ra)≤50 nm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a shape of the nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is a conformal negative of the shape of the surface of the silicon substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a growth side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window has a greater thermal conductivity than the nucleation side of the as-grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.
11. The method of claim 1 , further including at least one of the following:
applying a light management coating to a growth surface of the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window; and
after removing the silicon substrate from the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window, applying the light management coating to a nucleation side of the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.
12. The method of claim 1 , further including cutting the silicon substrate having the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window grown thereon into one or more pieces.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) includes CVD growing the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window in an atmosphere that includes at least one of the following: oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and boron.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to step (a), the surface of the silicon substrate is seeded with diamond particles.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the silicon substrate is seeded with diamond particles via at least one of the following processes: (1) ultrasonic treatment of the silicon substrate in a ultrasonic bath comprised of a submicron or micron-sized diamond powder in a liquid suspension solution; and (2) ultrasonic treatment of the silicon substrate in a ultrasonic bath comprised of nano-crystal diamond powder having an average particle size <100 nm in a liquid suspension solution.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the liquid suspension solution comprises one or more of the following: water, alcohol, hydrocarbon, and organic solvent.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the silicon substrate is seeded with diamond particles via a least one of the following processes: (1) ultrasonic treatment of the silicon substrate in a bath of aqueous diamond slurries or organic diamond slurries, or (2) rubbing the silicon substrate with diamond powders.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the largest dimension of the silicon substrate is ≥30 mm.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the largest dimension of the silicon substrate is a diameter of the silicon substrate.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon substrate has a thickness ≥8 mm.
21. The method of claim 1 , further including, prior to step (a), polishing the surface of the silicon substrate to an optical finish having a surface roughness (Ra)≤2 nm.
22. The method of claim 1 , further including, while the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window is still on the silicon substrate, polishing a growth surface of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window to a surface roughness (Ra)≤10 nm.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the largest dimension of the silicon substrate is ≥50.8 mm.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the largest dimension of the silicon substrate is ≥127 mm.
25. A method of forming a planar, free-standing diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window comprising:
(a) CVD growing on a surface of a silicon substrate polished to an optical finish having a surface roughness (Ra)≤20 nm a diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window having an aspect ratio ≥100 and a thickness between 150-999 microns, wherein the aspect ratio is a ratio of a largest dimension of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window divided by a thickness of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window; and
(b) chemically or mechanically removing the silicon substrate from the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.
26. A method of forming a planar, free-standing diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window comprising:
(a) CVD growing on a surface of a silicon substrate a diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window having an aspect ratio ≥100 and a thickness between 150-999 microns, wherein the aspect ratio is a ratio of a largest dimension of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window divided by a thickness of the diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window, wherein the surface is seeded with diamond particles via ultrasonic treatment of the silicon substrate in a ultrasonic bath comprised of (1) submicron or micron-sized diamond powder in a liquid suspension solution; or (2) nano-crystal diamond powder having an average particle size <100 nm in a liquid suspension solution; and
(b) chemically or mechanically removing the silicon substrate from the grown diamond film, diamond substrate, or diamond window.