High temperature oxidation protection for composites
The present disclosure provides a method for coating a composite structure, comprising applying a single pretreating composition on a surface of the composite structure, the single pretreating composition comprising a first acid aluminum phosphate comprising a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphate between 1 to 2 and 1 to 3, and heating the composite structure to a first temperature sufficient to form an aluminum phosphate polymer layer on the composite structure.
1. A method for coating a composite structure, comprising:
applying a single pretreating composition on a surface of the composite structure, the single pretreating composition comprising an acid aluminum phosphate comprising a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphate between 1 to 2 and 1 to 3; and
heating the composite structure to a pretreating composition temperature sufficient to form an aluminum phosphate polymer layer on the composite structure;
applying a first slurry to the aluminum phosphate polymer layer and heating the composite structure to a base layer temperature sufficient to form a base layer, wherein the first slurry comprises a first pre-slurry composition and a first carrier fluid, wherein the first pre-slurry composition comprises a first phosphate glass composition;
applying a sealing slurry to the base layer, and heating the composite structure to a sealing layer temperature sufficient to form a sealing layer on the base layer, wherein the sealing slurry comprises a sealing pre-slurry composition and a second carrier fluid, wherein the sealing pre-slurry composition comprises a second phosphate glass composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pre-slurry composition comprises a first acid aluminum phosphate having a first molar ratio of aluminum to phosphate of between 1 to 2 and 1 to 3.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of aluminum to phosphate in the acid aluminum phosphate of the single pretreating composition is between 1 to 2 and 1 to 2.7.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a barrier coating to the composite structure after the applying the single pretreating composition to the composite structure.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the barrier coating comprises at least one of a carbide, a nitride, a boron nitride, a silicon carbide, a titanium carbide, a boron carbide, a silicon oxycarbide, a molybdenum disulfide, a tungsten disulfide, or a silicon nitride.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first phosphate glass composition or the second phosphate glass composition is represented by the formula a(A′ 2 O) x (P 2 O 5 ) y1 b(G f O) y2 c(A″O) z :
A′ is selected from: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and mixtures thereof;
G f is selected from: boron, silicon, sulfur, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and mixtures thereof;
A″ is selected from: vanadium, aluminum, tin, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, mercury, zinc, thulium, lead, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, actinium, thorium, uranium, yttrium, gallium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, and mixtures thereof;
a is a number in the range from 1 to about 5;
b is a number in the range from 0 to about 10;
c is a number in the range from 0 to about 30;
x is a number in the range from about 0.050 to about 0.500;
y 1 is a number in the range from about 0.100 to about 0.950;
y 2 is a number in the range from 0 to about 0.20; and
z is a number in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.5;
(x+y 1 +y 2 +z)=1; and
x<(y 1 +y 2 ).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first slurry comprises a refractory compound such as a nitride, a boron nitride, a silicon carbide, a titanium carbide, a boron carbide, a silicon oxycarbide, silicon nitride, molybdenum disulfide, or tungsten disulfide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first slurry or the sealing slurry comprises at least one of a surfactant, a flow modifier, a polymer, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, acid aluminum phosphate, nanoplatelets, or graphene nanoplatelets.