Particulate distributed sensing elements

1. Core-shell particles, comprising particles having a primary particle size of 10-10000 nm, wherein

the core comprises a first and a second group of nucleic acids,

the shell comprises an inorganic material or an organic material, wherein

said first group of nucleic acids comprises a sensing sequence adapted to degrade upon exposure to a property of interest and

said second group of nucleic acids comprises a control sequence adapted to degrade less upon exposure to this property of interest; and

the relative concentration (c final /c 0 ) of the sensing sequence left after the said exposure is at least 15% (ΔΔCq=˜0.23 cycles) lower than that of the control sequence; and

said sensing sequence and control sequence are measurable by nucleic acid amplification methods.

2. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein said amplification method is selected from PCR, qPCR, LAMP, SDA, and HDA.

3. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein

(a) said sensing sequence and control sequence are located within one single core; or

(b) said sensing sequence and control sequence are located in separate cores and a signalling molecule is located in the same core as the sensing sequence; or

(c) said control sequence is located in an inner core, surrounded by a shell inert towards the property of interest and said sensing sequence is located in an outer core, surrounded by a shell permeable/susceptive towards the property of interest; or

(d) said control sequence is located in an inner core, surrounded by a shell inert towards the property of interest and said sensing sequence is located in an outer core, surrounded by a shell degrading upon exposure of the property of interest.

4. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein said first and second group of nucleic acids

are selected from the group of DNA and/or RNA;

are natural and/or synthetic and/or chemically modified; and/or

have a length between 50-5000 nucleotides.

5. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein the sequences of said two or more nucleic acids differ by five or more nucleotides.

6. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises

silica; or

silica comprising an additional inorganic coating; or

silica with surface functionalization that consists of organic molecules; or

a polymeric coating.

7. The core-shell particles according to claim 1 , wherein the core further comprises magnetic material in the form of small particles.

8. The core-shell particles according to claim 7 , wherein said magnetic material has soft magnetic properties.

9. A method for measuring a property of interest in a setting, said method comprising the steps of

(a) providing core shell particles;

(b) distributing said particles in said setting and thereby exposing them to the property of interest;

(c) collecting said particles; and

(d) analysing said particles;

wherein said core-shell particles comprise primary particles having a primary particle size of 10-10000 nm, wherein

the shell comprises an inorganic material or an organic material,

the core comprises a first and a second group of nucleic acids, whereby

said first group of nucleic acids comprises a sensing sequence adapted to degrade upon exposure to a property of interest, and

said second group of nucleic acids comprises a control sequence adapted to degrade less upon exposure to this property of interest.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein analysing of said particles is performed by a nucleic acid amplification method.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein said setting is selected from matrices of biological origin; settings in mining, energy and water supply and recycling industries; environmental settings; and polymers.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said matrix of biological origin is selected from cells, living organisms, blood and other body fluids.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein said property of interest is

a chemical property of interest selected from pH, oxidative stress, humidity, reduction potential, genotoxicity, chemical reactivity, metal ion content, microbial activity, and metabolic activity; and / or

a physical property of interest selected from exposure to temperature, electro-magnetic radiation, and radioactive radiation.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein

said step (a) comprises preparing a dispersion of said core-shell particles in an aqueous or non-aqueous low-viscosity liquid, in a galenic formulation, or as a solid; and/or

said step (b) comprises mixing the dispersion with the medium in which the property is to be measured; and/or

in said step (c) the collection of particles is effected by (c1) applying a magnetic field or (c2) centrifugation; and/or

said step (d) comprises (d1) liberating said nucleic acids from said particle by use of a fluoride ion containing aqueous solution and (d2) subjecting the thus obtained nucleic acid solution to an amplification reaction and (d3) detecting the concentration of two or more nucleic acid sequences.

15. A method for measuring a property of interest in a setting, said method comprising the steps of

(a) providing core shell particles;

(b) distributing said particles in said setting and thereby exposing them to the property of interest;

(c) collecting said particles; and

(d) analysing said particles;

wherein said core-shell particles are as defined in claim 1 .

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein analysing of said particles is performed by a nucleic acid amplification method.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said setting is selected from matrices of biological origin; settings in mining, energy and water supply and recycling industries; environmental settings; and polymers.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said matrix of biological origin is selected from cells, living organisms, blood and other body fluids.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein said property of interest is

a chemical property of interest selected from pH, oxidative stress, humidity, reduction potential, genotoxicity, chemical reactivity, metal ion content, microbial activity, and metabolic activity; and/or

a physical property of interest selected from exposure to temperature, electro-magnetic radiation, and radioactive radiation.

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein

said step (a) comprises preparing a dispersion of said core-shell particles in an aqueous or non-aqueous low-viscosity liquid, in a galenic formulation, or as a solid; and/or

said step (b) comprises mixing the dispersion with the medium in which the property is to be measured; and/or

in said step (c) the collection of particles is effected by (c1) applying a magnetic field or (c2) centrifugation; and/or

said step (d) comprises (d1) liberating said nucleic acids from said particle by use of a fluoride ion containing aqueous solution and (d2) subjecting the thus obtained nucleic acid solution to an amplification reaction and (d3) detecting the concentration of two or more nucleic acid sequences.

21. A measuring system comprising

means for storage of particles, containing particles as defined in claim 1 ;

means for distributing said particles in a setting of interest;

means for collecting said particles from said setting of interest;

means for analysing said particles; and

means for controlling said system.