Diffractive projection apparatus
A light projection apparatus is provided comprising: a source of light; a switchable grating on a first substrate; and a diffractive optical element. Light is diffracted at least once by the switchable grating and is diffracted at least once by the DOE.
1. A light projection apparatus comprising:
a source of light of a first wavelength;
a first substrate with a first surface and a second surface;
a second substrate with a first surface and a second surface;
a switchable grating disposed between said second surface of said first substrate and said first surface of said second substrate; and
a diffractive optical element (DOE) supported by said first surface of said first substrate,
wherein said light undergoes one diffraction at said switchable grating and one diffraction at said DOE;
wherein said DOE and said switchable grating act in combination to form an exit pupil;
wherein said DOE is configured to compensate for an aberration created by said switchable grating; and
wherein said light enters a total internal reflection path between the first surface of said first substrate and the second surface of said second substrate, said first and second substrates being transparent.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first substrate and said second substrate sandwich said switchable grating, wherein electrodes are applied to opposing faces of said first substrate and said second substrate.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said DOE has one of a Fresnel lens form or a multi order DOE form.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said switchable grating is a grating recorded in a polymer and liquid crystal material system and comprises alternate liquid crystal rich and polymer rich regions, wherein the refractive index modulation of said grating is electrically controllable.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said switchable grating is one of a Bragg grating, a Raman-Nath grating or a sub wavelength grating recorded in a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal material.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said DOE and said switchable grating together provide modulated light for viewing by one of an eye or an imaging sensor.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said switchable grating comprises a multiplicity of separately switchable grating elements.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said second surface of second substrate supports at least one of a substrate for modifying the polarization of said light, a reflective DOE or a mirror.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said switchable grating performs at least one of the functions of applying spatial modulation to said light, applying temporal modulation to said light, modifying the wavefront shape of said light or modifying the spatial amplitude of said light.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a source emitting light at a second wavelength, and further comprising at least one of a DOE or a switchable grating designed for operation at said second wavelength.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said DOE or said switchable grating has diffusing properties.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a light guiding structure is provided using at least one of said substrates.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein light from said source is coupled into one of said substrates by means of a grating or a prism.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said light traverses at least one of said switchable grating or said DOE without diffraction.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said substrates, said switchable grating and said DOE are curved.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of said switchable grating or said DOE is one of a transmission or reflection grating.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a beam deflector for scanning said light in at least one of two orthogonal directions or a modulator for amplitude modulating said light.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said apparatus provides one of a wearable display, a head up display, a viewfinder, or a projection display.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said switchable grating has a first diffraction state under a first applied voltage and a second diffraction state under a second applied voltage.