Fuel cell device and system
Fuel cell devices and systems are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices include a ceramic support structure having a length, a width, and a thickness with the length direction being the dominant direction of thermal expansion. A reaction zone having at least one active layer therein is spaced from the first end and includes first and second opposing electrodes, associated active first and second gas passages, and electrolyte. The active first gas passage includes sub-passages extending in the y direction and spaced apart in the x direction. An artery flow passage extends from the first end along the length and into the reaction zone and is fluidicly coupled to the sub-passages of the active first gas passage. The thickness of the artery flow passage is greater than the thickness of the sub-passages. In other embodiments, fuel cell devices include second sub-passages for the active second gas passage and a second artery flow passage coupled thereto, and extending from either the first end or the second end into the reaction zone. In yet other embodiments, one or both electrodes of a fuel cell device are segmented.
1. A fuel cell device comprising:
a ceramic support structure having a first end member, a second end member, and a central active member, the central active member having an x dimension from a first end to a second end, a y dimension from a first side to a second side, and a z dimension from a top surface to a bottom surface, and the first end member and the second end member extending in parallel from the first side in the y dimension from the respective first and second ends with the y dimension being greater than the x dimension or z dimension whereby the y dimension of the first and second end members is a dominant direction of thermal expansion;
at least one active layer within the central active member comprising an electrolyte separating a first electrode from an opposing second electrode, an active first gas passage adjacent the first electrode, and an active second gas passage adjacent the second electrode, wherein the central active member is configured to be positioned in a hot zone for exposure to a heat source to heat the at least one active layer to an operating reaction temperature, and wherein the first and second end members are adapted to extend from the hot zone to a cold zone configured to be shielded from the heat source to remain at a low temperature below the operating reaction temperature when the at least one active layer is heated;
first and second non-active first gas passages extending through the respective first and second end members from the cold zone to the hot zone and coupled to the active first gas passage for inputting and exhausting a first gas to and from the at least one active layer;
first and second non-active second gas passages extending through the respective first and second end members from the cold zone to the hot zone and coupled to the active second gas passage for inputting and exhausting a second gas to and from the at least one active layer; and
a ceramic support member connecting the first and second end members in the cold zone.
2. The fuel cell device of claim 1 , wherein the first non-active first gas passage in the first end member is an input passage having a z dimension greater than the z dimension of the active first gas passage.
3. The fuel cell device of claim 2 , wherein the second non-active second gas passage in the second end member is an input passage having a z dimension greater than the z dimension of the active second gas passage.
4. The fuel cell device of claim 3 , wherein the active second gas passage decreases in volume and/or area from the second end toward the first end of the central active member.
5. The fuel cell device of claim 2 , wherein the active first gas passage decreases in volume and/or area from the first end toward the second end of the central active member.
6. The fuel cell device of claim 1 , wherein the first non-active first gas passage in the first end member is an input passage having a z dimension greater than the z dimension of the active first gas passage and wherein the active first gas passage decreases in volume and/or area from the first end toward the second end of the central active member; and wherein the second non-active second gas passage in the second end member is an input passage having a z dimension greater than the z dimension of the active second gas passage and wherein the active second gas passage decreases in volume and/or area from the second end toward the first end of the central active member.
7. The fuel cell device of claim 1 , wherein the x dimension of the central active member is greater than the y dimension or z dimension of the central active member whereby the x dimension of the central active member is a dominant direction of thermal expansion.
8. A fuel cell system comprising a plurality of the devices of claim 1 , the system further comprising:
a hot zone chamber having the central active members of the plurality of devices positioned therein and the first and second end members extending to outside the hot zone chamber with the ceramic support member positioned outside the hot zone chamber;
a heat source coupled to the hot zone chamber and adapted to raise the temperature within the hot zone chamber to heat the active layers to an operating temperature;
a gas supply and exhaust system positioned outside the hot zone chamber and coupled to the first and second end members of the plurality of devices for supplying and collecting gases into and out from the first and second non-active first gas passages and the first and second non-active second gas passages.
9. A fuel cell device comprising:
a ceramic support structure having a length in an x direction from a first end to a second end including a first length-wise portion and a second length-wise portion, a width in a y direction from a first side to a second side, and a thickness in a z direction from a top surface to a bottom surface, wherein the length is greater than the width or thickness whereby the x direction of the ceramic support structure is a dominant direction of thermal expansion, and wherein the thickness in the first length-wise portion is greater than the thickness in the second length-wise portion;
a reaction zone positioned in the second length-wise portion and having at least one active layer therein within the ceramic support structure comprising an electrolyte separating a first electrode from an opposing second electrode, a first active gas passage in the second length-wise portion adjacent the first electrode, and a second active gas passage in the second length-wise portion adjacent the second electrode, wherein each of the first and second active gas passages has a thickness in the z direction;
first and second artery flow passages extending in the x direction in the first length-wise portion and having a thickness in the z direction greater than the thickness of the first and second active gas passages, the first artery flow passage fluidicly coupled to the first active gas passage and the second artery flow passage fluidicly coupled to the second active gas passage,
wherein the reaction zone in the second length-wise portion is configured to be exposed to a heat source to heat the reaction zone to an operating reaction temperature, and the first length-wise portion is configured to be shielded from the heat source to remain at a low temperature below the operating reaction temperature when the reaction zone is heated.
10. A fuel cell system comprising a plurality of the devices of claim 9 , the system further comprising:
a hot zone chamber having the reaction zones of the plurality of devices positioned therein and a heat source coupled thereto and adapted to raise the temperature within the hot zone chamber to heat the reaction zones to an operating temperature;
a gas supply system positioned outside the hot zone chamber and coupled to the first length-wise portions of the plurality of devices for supplying gases into the first and second artery flow passages.