Multi-bit cell attenuator
Hybrid-coding, multi-cell architecture and operating techniques for step devices provide advantages over binary-coded and thermometer-coded step devices by minimizing or avoiding glitches common in the transient response of binary-coded step devices and by minimizing or avoiding significant increases or degradation in one or more of area, package dimensions, pin counts, power consumption, insertion loss and parasitic capacitance common to thermometer-coded step devices having equivalent range and resolution.
1. A method comprising:
operating a step device comprising:
a first variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a first plurality of steps;
a second variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a second plurality of steps; and
stepping the step device between a plurality of selectable steps using at least the first and second plurality of steps with a maximum step size that is less than a maximum binary step size and greater than a maximum thermometer step size for an equivalent range and resolution of levels, wherein the maximum step size is configured to cause a smaller maximum glitch than the maximum binary step size.
2. The method of claim 1 , the step device comprising a plurality of cells comprising at least the first variable cell and the second variable cell, each cell being selectable to provide, alone or in combination with other cells, one or more of the plurality of selectable steps.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein stepping the step device between a plurality of selectable steps comprises at least one of selecting or deselecting one or more steps in the first variable cell.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein an intercell coding of the plurality of cells is hybrid and an intra cell coding of the first variable cell is thermometer, binary or hybrid.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein an intra cell coding of the second variable cell is thermometer, binary or hybrid and is different from the intra cell coding of the first variable cell.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first variable cell and the second variable cell have at least one of a different cell range and a different cell resolution.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the selecting or deselecting the one or more steps in the first variable cell comprises selecting a first cell in the first variable cell and deselecting a second cell in the first variable cell.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of cells comprise a hybrid of fixed and variable cells.
9. A method comprising:
operating a hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device comprising:
a first variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a first plurality of steps;
a second variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a second plurality of steps; and
stepping the hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device at least one step in a plurality of selectable steps, wherein the hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device causes a smaller maximum glitch than a binary coded step device.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein operating the hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device comprises:
controlling the first variable cell having a cell range with a cell resolution that provides, alone or in combination with one or more other cells, a plurality of the plurality of selectable steps.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein operating the hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device further comprises:
controlling the second variable cell having a cell range with a cell resolution that provides, alone or in combination with one or more other cells, a plurality of the plurality of selectable steps, wherein the first variable cell and the second variable cell have at least one of a different cell range and a different cell resolution.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein operating the hybrid coded or hybrid codable step device further comprises:
using a hybrid code to step the step device;
using a hybrid code, a binary code or a thermometer code to select steps in the first variable cell; and
using a hybrid code, a binary code or a thermometer code to select steps in the second variable cell.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
stepping between the first plurality of steps in the first variable cell with the cell resolution between the first plurality of steps being variable or nonuniform.
14. A device comprising:
a first variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a first plurality of steps; and
a second variable cell that is independently deselectable and selectable to provide a second plurality of steps;
wherein the device is configured to step between a plurality of selectable steps using at least the first and second plurality of steps with a maximum step size that is less than a maximum binary step size and greater than a maximum thermometer step size for an equivalent range and resolution of steps, wherein the maximum step size is configured to cause a smaller maximum glitch than the maximum binary step size.
15. The device of claim 14 , the device comprising a plurality of cells controllable to provide the plurality of selectable steps, the plurality of cells comprising the first variable cell and the second variable cell, wherein the first variable cell comprises a first range and resolution of steps and the second variable cell comprises a second range and resolution of steps, where at least one of the second range and the second resolution is different from the first range or the first resolution.
16. The device of claim 15 , where the device is configured to step at least one of the plurality of selectable steps by selecting or deselecting the second variable cell in combination with selecting or deselecting the first cell.
17. The device of claim 15 , where the device is configured to step at least one of the plurality of steps by selecting a bypass of the first variable cell to deselect the first variable cell.
18. The device of claim 14 , the device comprising a plurality of cells controllable to provide the plurality of selectable steps, the plurality of cells comprising the first variable cell and the second variable cell, the device being configured as hybrid-coded or hybrid codable with a first code applicable to the first variable cell and a second code applicable to the second variable cell, where the first and second codes are different.
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the first code is a thermometer code.
20. The device of claim 18 , where the device is configured to decode a control code for a step attenuator into the first code for the first variable cell and into the second code for the second variable cell.