Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing thermocycler thermal uniformity
A thermal block assembly including a sample block and two or more thermoelectric devices, is disclosed. The sample block has a top surface configured to receive a plurality of reaction vessels and an opposing bottom surface. The thermoelectric devices are operably coupled to the sample block, wherein each thermoelectric device includes a housing for a thermal sensor and a thermal control interface with a controller. Each thermoelectric device is further configured to operate independently from each other to provide a substantially uniform temperature profile throughout the sample block.
1. A thermal block assembly, comprising:
a sample block comprising a top surface configured to receive a plurality of reaction vessels, and a bottom surface on an opposite face of the sample block from the top surface;
two or more thermoelectric devices in thermal communication with the sample block, wherein each thermoelectric device comprises:
a first thermally conductive layer and a second thermally conductive layer,
a plurality of Peltier elements between the first and second thermally conductive layers, and
a recess extending into the plurality of Peltier elements from a perimeter of the thermoelectric device;
two or more thermal sensors, a thermal sensor of the two or more thermal sensors received in each recess; and
a controller operably coupled to the two or more thermoelectric devices and configured to operate the two or more thermoelectric devices independently from each other to provide a substantially uniform temperature profile throughout the sample block.
2. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first thermally conductive layer of each thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the bottom surface of the sample block and the second thermally conductive layer of each thermoelectric device has a surface facing away from the sample block.
3. The thermal block assembly of claim 2 , wherein the recess is formed by a carved-out portion of one or both of the first and second thermally conductive layers.
4. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein the thermal sensor is selected from a thermocouple, a thermistor, a platinum resistance thermometer, and a silicon bandgap temperature sensor.
5. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein the controller is operably connected to the thermal sensor in each recess and configured to independently control the two or more thermoelectric devices in response to information received from each thermal sensor.
6. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises two or more independent controllers.
7. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a heat sink, wherein:
the heat sink comprises a baseplate and fins, wherein the baseplate is in thermal communication with the two or more thermoelectric devices, and
the fins extend from the baseplate in a direction away from the two or more thermoelectric devices.
8. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein the recess of each thermoelectric device is surrounded by a portion of the plurality of Peltier elements of each thermoelectric device.
9. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a heating element disposed proximate a peripheral edge of the sample block.
10. The thermal block assembly of claim 9 , wherein the heating element is disposed proximate the recess.
11. The thermal block assembly of claim 1 , wherein each thermoelectric device comprises a wall at the perimeter, the recess extending through the wall into the thermoelectric device.
12. A method for controlling sample block temperature, comprising:
transferring heat between a sample block and two or more thermoelectric devices, the sample block comprising a top surface configured to receive a plurality of reaction vessels, and a bottom surface on an opposite face of the sample block from the top surface, each thermoelectric device comprising:
a first thermally conductive layer and a second thermally conductive layer,
a plurality of Peltier elements between the first and second thermally conductive layers, and
a recess extending into the plurality of Peltier elements from a perimeter of the thermoelectric device;
sensing temperatures of the sample block using two or more thermal sensors, a thermal sensor of the two or more thermal sensors received in each recess; and
using a controller to independently control a temperature of each thermoelectric device using the temperatures sensed to maintain a substantially uniform temperature throughout the sample block.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising using the controller, controlling each thermoelectric device to minimize temperature differences sensed by each thermal sensor.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein each thermal sensor is configured to measure temperature of a sample block region that is proximate to each respective thermal sensor.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the controller is comprised of two or more sub-controllers.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the sub-controllers is operably connected to one thermoelectric device.