Biomarkers for diagnosis and management of neuro-immunological diseases
Biomarkers associated with neuroimmunological disease are described. The disclosed biomarkers are secreted proteins identified in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with neurological disease. The disclosed biomarkers identify patients with intrathecal inflammation, distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from patients with other types of inflammatory neurological diseases and from subjects without MS, distinguish progressive MS patients from patients with relapsing-remitting MS, identify subjects with non-MS inflammatory neurological diseases, differentiate healthy subjects from patients with any type of neurological disease, and/or identify subjects with increased disability, CNS tissue damage and/or neurodegeneration. Process-specific biomarkers that can be used in place of a brain biopsy to identify immune cell infiltration and/or activation in the CNS are also described. Methods of treating subject with neurological disease, and methods of evaluating the efficacy of particular treatments, based on detection of the disclosed biomarkers are also described.
1. A method of identifying a subject with multiple sclerosis (MS) as having progressive MS or relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), comprising:
measuring biomarkers in a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) sample obtained from the subject, wherein the biomarkers comprise the ratio of JAM3 to EDA2R, the ratio of TYR03 to EDA2R, the ratio of EDA2R to ROBO2, the ratio of F3 to ROBO2, the ratio of EDA2R to STX1A, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHA5, the ratio of LTA LTB to SERPING1, the ratio of NTRK3 to EDA2R, the ratio of WIF1 to EDA2R, the ratio of EDA2R to ALCAM, the ratio of EDA2R to L1CAM, the ratio of TIE1 to EPHA5, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHB2, the ratio of CFD to F5, the ratio of EDA2R to APP, the ratio of IL13RA1 to LTA LTB, the ratio of EPHA5 to DLL1, the ratio of CADM1 to CDNF, the ratio of CDNF to IL20RA, SHH, the ratio of EDA2R to NRXN3, the ratio of ROBO2 to IL17RC, the ratio of EDA2R to CADM1, the ratio of EDA2R to RTN4R and LTA LTB; and
(i) identifying the subject as having progressive MS if there is a decrease in LTA LTB, the ratio of JAM3 to EDA2R, the ratio of TYRO3 to EDA2R, the ratio of LTA LTB to SERPING1, the ratio of NTRK3 to EDA2R, the ratio of WIF1 to EDA2R, the ratio of EPHA5 to DLL1, the ratio of CADM1 to CDNF, and the ratio of ROBO2 to IL17RC, and an increase in SHH, the ratio of EDA2R to ROBO2, the ratio of F3 to ROBO2, the ratio of EDA2R to STX1A, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHA5, the ratio of EDA2R to ALCAM, the ratio of EDA2R to L1CAM, the ratio of TIE1 to EPHA5, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHB2, the ratio of CFD to F5, the ratio of EDA2R to APP, the ratio of IL13RA1 to LTA LTB, the ratio of CDNF to IL20RA, the ratio of EDA2R to NRXN3, the ratio of EDA2R to CADM1, and the ratio of EDA2R to RTN4R, relative to a control; or
(ii) identifying the subject as having RRMS if there is an increase in LTA LTB, the ratio of JAM3 to EDA2R, the ratio of TYRO3 to EDA2R, the ratio of LTA LTB to SERPING1, the ratio of NTRK3 to EDA2R, the ratio of WIF1 to EDA2R, the ratio of EPHA5 to DLL1, the ratio of CADM1 to CDNF, and the ratio of ROBO2 to IL17RC, and a decrease in SHH, the ratio of EDA2R to ROBO2, the ratio of F3 to ROBO2, the ratio of EDA2R to STX1A, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHA5, the ratio of EDA2R to ALCAM, the ratio of EDA2R to L1CAM, the ratio of TIE1 to EPHA5, the ratio of EDA2R to EPHB2, the ratio of CFD to F5, the ratio of EDA2R to APP, the ratio of IL13RA1 to LTA LTB, the ratio of CDNF to IL20RA, the ratio of EDA2R to NRXN3, the ratio of EDA2R to CADM1, and the ratio of EDA2R to RTN4R, relative to a control.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering an appropriate therapy to the subject identified as having progressive MS or RRMS.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the appropriate therapy comprises immunomodulatory therapy.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the immunomodulatory therapy comprises administration of a T cell depleting agent.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the immunomodulatory therapy comprises administration of a B cell depleting agent.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control is a reference standard.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control is an average value obtained from healthy subjects.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a CSF sample from the subject.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the biomarkers is measured using an immunoassay.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the biomarkers is measured using an aptamer that specifically binds the biomarker.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the level of IL-12p40 in the CSF sample obtained from the subject.