Sensor-based pain management systems and methods
This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for managing pain of a subject. A system includes a first sensor circuit to sense a first signal indicative of a functional state of the subject, a second sensor circuit to sense a second signal different from the first signal, and a controller circuit. The controller circuit may determine an operating mode of the second sensor circuit according to the sensed first signal, trigger the second sensor circuit to sense the second signal under the determined operating mode, and generate a pain score using at least the second signal sensed under the determined operating mode. The pain score may be output to a patient or used for closed-loop control of a pain therapy.
1. A system for managing pain of a patient, the system comprising:
a first sensor circuit configured to sense from the patient a first signal indicative of a functional state of the patient;
a second sensor circuit configured to sense from the patient a second signal different from the first signal; and
a controller circuit configured to:
determine an operating mode of the second sensor circuit using the sensed first signal;
in response to the sensed first signal satisfying a first condition, trigger the second sensor circuit to initiate sensing of the second signal under the determined operating mode; and
generate a control signal to activate delivery of electrostimulation energy for pain relief based on at least the sensed second signal.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrostimulator coupled to the controller circuit and configured to generate electrostimulation energy to treat pain in accordance with the control signal.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the electrostimulator is further configured to deliver at least one of:
a spinal cord stimulation;
a brain stimulation; or
a peripheral nerve stimulation.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor circuit is coupled to at least one ambulatory sensor to sense the first signal, the ambulatory sensor including at least one of:
an accelerometer;
a gyroscope;
a magnetometer;
a strain gauge; or
a global positioning system sensor.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal includes a physical activity signal, and the controller circuit is further configured to:
trigger the second sensor circuit to sense the second signal under a first operating mode when the physical activity signal falls below an activity threshold; and
trigger the second sensor circuit to sense the second signal under a second operating mode different from the first operating mode when the physical activity signal exceeds the activity threshold.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal includes a physical activity signal, and the controller circuit is further configured to:
trigger the second sensor circuit to sense the second signal under a first operating mode when the physical activity signal corresponds to a physical activity template indicative of a physical activity pattern when the patient is free of pain; and
trigger the second sensor circuit to sense the second signal under a second operating mode different from the first operating mode when the physical activity signal fails to correspond to the physical activity template.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal includes at least one of:
a posture signal;
a balance signal; or
a range-of-motion signal.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is further configured to withhold data acquisition at the second sensor when the sensed first signal satisfies a second condition.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to determine the operating mode of the second sensor circuit including adjusting data acquisition rate at the second sensor.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is further configured to:
generate one or more signal metrics from the sensed second signal under the determined operating mode;
generate a pain score using the generated one or more signal metrics respectively weighted by weight factors; and
generate the control signal to activate delivery of electrostimulation energy for pain relief according to the generated pain score.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is further configured to generate a pain score using the sensed first and second signals, and to generate the control signal to activate delivery of electrostimulation energy for pain relief according to the generated pain score.
12. The system of claim 2 , further comprising an implantable neuromodulator device that includes one or more of the first sensor circuit, the second sensor circuit, the controller circuit, or the electrostimulator.
13. A method for managing pain of a patient using an implantable neuromodulator device, the method comprising:
sensing a first signal indicative of a functional state of the patient via a first sensor circuit;
determining an operating mode of a second sensor circuit using the sensed first signal;
in response to the sensed first signal satisfying a first condition, initiate sensing of a second signal via the second sensor circuit under the determined operating mode, the second signal different from the first signal; and
generating a control signal to activate delivery of electrostimulation energy for pain relief based on at least the sensed second signal.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising delivering a pain therapy via the implantable neuromodulator device in accordance with the control signal.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising withholding data acquisition at the second sensor when the sensed first signal satisfies a second condition.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the operating mode of the second sensor circuit includes adjusting data acquisition rate at the second sensor.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first signal includes a physical activity signal, and wherein determining the operating mode of the second sensor circuit includes:
comparing the sensed physical activity signal to an activity threshold or to an activity template;
initiating data acquisition of the second signal or acquiring the second signal at a first data acquisition rate when the comparison satisfies the first condition; and
withholding data acquisition of the second signal or acquiring the second signal at a second, lower data acquisition rate than the first data acquisition rate when the comparison satisfies a second condition indicating a higher physical activity level.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first signal includes at least one of:
a posture signal;
a balance signal; or
a range-of-motion signal.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second signal includes at least one of:
a cardiac electrical activity signal;
an electromyography signal;
a photoplethysmography signal;
a galvanic skin response signal;
an electroencephalogram signal; or
a hemodynamic signal.
20. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
generating one or more signal metrics from the sensed second signal under the determined operating mode;
generating a pain score using the generated one or more signal metrics respectively weighted by weight factors; and
generating the control signal to activate delivery of electrostimulation energy for pain relief according to the generated pain score.