Device and method for icing prevention regulation for heat pump evaporators
The invention relates to a device and a method for icing prevention regulation for a heat pump evaporator ( 3 ) in air conditioning systems of vehicles, composed of a subsection ( 1 ) of a refrigerant circuit which can be operated both as a heat pump and also as an air conditioning system. The device comprises the heat pump evaporator ( 3 ), an electrical or mechanical refrigerant compressor ( 4 ), a cooler fan ( 9 ) which is attached to the heat pump evaporator ( 3 ) and which draws ambient air ( 11 ) upstream from and through the heat pump evaporator ( 3 ) at an adjustable flow speed, and which thus permits a permanent flow of ambient air ( 11 ) over the heat pump evaporator surface, a first temperature sensor ( 6 ) in or on the refrigerant line ( 5, 5 a ) upstream from the heat pump evaporator ( 3 ) with respect to the heat pump operating direction, and a control and regulating unit ( 8 ). The control and regulating unit ( 8 ) is connected via signal lines ( 10, 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 e ) at least to the first temperature sensor ( 6 ), to further sensors, in particular for detecting the ambient air temperature (Tu) and the vehicle speed (V F ), to the expansion valve ( 2 ), to the cooler fan ( 9 ) and to the refrigerant compressor ( 4 ) for the direct or indirect regulation of the flow cross section of the expansion valve ( 2 ) and the rotational speed of the electric refrigerant compressor ( 4 ) or of the regulating valve of the mechanical refrigerant compressor ( 4 ) and for the actuation of the cooler fan ( 9 ) of the vehicle during heat pump operation.
1. A device in an air conditioning system for a vehicle for regulation of a surface temperature level and icing prevention regulation for a heat pump evaporator, comprising:
the heat pump evaporator which functions during an air conditioning system operation in an air conditioning system operating direction as an air conditioning system condenser,
an externally regulatable expansion valve for opening and closing,
a refrigerant compressor,
refrigerant lines between the externally regulatable expansion valve and the heat pump evaporator and between the heat pump evaporator and the refrigerant compressor,
a cooler fan attached to the heat pump evaporator which draws ambient air upstream from and through the heat pump evaporator at an adjustable flow speed, and thereby permits a flow of the ambient air over a heat pump evaporator surface,
a first temperature sensor arranged at the inlet of the heat pump evaporator, for detecting the refrigerant temperature upstream from the heat pump evaporator with respect to a heat pump operating direction, and
a controller for storing a pressure drop characteristic map, the pressure drop characteristic map corresponding to a pressure drop of the heat pump evaporator, the pressure drop determining the Tout of the heat pump evaporator, the controller being directly connected to the externally regulatable expansion valve, the controller being connected to the externally regulatable expansion valve via signal lines, the controller being further connected at least to
the first temperature sensor,
additional sensors, measurement signal emitters or processing units with calculated values for detecting the ambient air temperature (Tu) and a vehicle speed (VF),
the cooler fan, and
the refrigerant compressor,
wherein the heat pump evaporator operates counter to the air conditioning operation direction during icing prevention regulation;
wherein the heat pump function is continuously maintained at below 0° C. ambient air temperature;
wherein the controller is adapted to control the externally regulated expansion valve such that the inlet temperature of the refrigerant at an inlet of the heat pump evaporator lies below the ambient air temperature being below 0° C.;
wherein the controller is adapted to prompt the cooler fan at below 0° C. ambient air temperature;
wherein the device is a subsection of a refrigerant circuit operable both as a heat pump system and the air conditioning system, the heat pump system having a heat pump operating direction, the air conditioning system having the air conditioning system operating direction, the heat pump operating direction being opposing to the air conditioning system operating direction.
2. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising an ambient moisture sensor for determining the ambient moisture and/or a rain sensor which detects rain or snow fall.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein a pressure sensor is provided in order to regulate an outlet temperature (T out ) of the refrigerant from the heat pump evaporator, and a second sensor connected to the control and regulating unit via the another signal line is provided in the refrigerant line downstream from the outlet of the heat pump evaporator on the path to the refrigerant compressor, with respect to the heat pump operating direction.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein potential pressure drops in the refrigerant line placed between the heat pump evaporator outlet and a pressure sensor for regulating the outlet temperature (T out ) of the refrigerant from the heat pump evaporator are stored per the pressure drop characteristic map in the control and regulating unit.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum rotational speed of the compressor when using the electric refrigerant compressor, or a maximum control current of the regulating valve when using the mechanical refrigerant compressor being estimated with the aid of the ambient temperature (T U ).
6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant compressor is an electrical or a mechanical compressor, and the signal lines connect the control and regulation unit to the refrigerant compressor if the electric refrigerant compressor is used or to a regulating valve of the mechanical refrigerant compressor if the mechanical refrigerant compressor is used.
7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the control and regulation unit has technical programming measures for regulation of a rotational speed of the electric refrigerant compressor or of the regulating valve of the mechanical refrigerant compressor.
8. The device according to claim 1 , wherein a valve element of the externally regulatable expansion valve opens or closes a flow cross-section of the externally regulatable expansion valve, a regulating valve of the refrigerant compressor opens or closes the refrigerant compressor and a motor of the cooler fan adjusts a rotational speed of the cooler fan of the vehicle during heat pump operation.