Graphene membrane
The present invention relates to a method of altering the relative proportions of protons, deuterons and tritons in a sample using a membrane. The membrane comprises a 2D material and an ionomer. The invention also relates to a method of making said membranes.
1. A process for reducing or increasing the amount of tritium in a substance containing a mixture of tritium containing compounds on the one hand and hydrogen-containing and/or deuterium-containing compounds on the other, the process comprising;
a) providing a membrane, the membrane comprising:
a monolithic, continuous layer of a two-dimensional (2D) material formed from a single crystal,
an ionomer coating provided on at least one side of the 2D material; and
optionally a substrate,
b) providing a first sample of a substance containing a mixture of two or more of: hydrogen-containing, deuterium-containing or tritium-containing molecules which is in contact with a first face of the membrane,
c) providing a container which is in fluid communication with a second face of the membrane,
d) applying a potential difference between the first face and the second face, wherein applying the potential difference results in a second sample of the substance on the second side of the membrane, wherein the second sample of the substance contains proportionally less tritium than the first sample of the substance, and/or wherein applying the potential difference results in the first sample of the substance on the first side of the membrane containing proportionally more tritium than the first sample of the substance, and
e) recovering from the second side of the membrane a second sample of the substance which contains proportionally less tritium than the first sample of the substance and/or recovering from the first side of the membrane a product sample of the substance which contains proportionally more tritium than the first sample of the substance.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ionomer is a proton conducting polymer.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is a sulfonated polymer.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the 2D material is graphene.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the 2D material is hBN.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic layer of a 2D material is monolayer thick.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic layer of a 2D material is 2-5 layers thick.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the 2-D material includes a catalytic metal.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the substance is in solution.
10. The process of claim 3 , wherein the sulfonated polymer is Nafion®.