Epoxy resin dispersions comprising discrete carbon nanotubes
This present invention relates to oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes in dispersions, especially for use in epoxy compositions. The dispersions can include materials such as elastomers, thermosets and thermoplastics or aqueous dispersions of open-ended carbon nanotubes with additives. A further feature of this invention relates to the development of a dispersion of oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes with epoxy that are resistant to weather and/or crack propagation.
1. A dispersion comprising at least one epoxy resin and a plurality of oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes, wherein the discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an interior and exterior surface, each surface comprising a weight of an interior surface oxidized species content and a weight of an exterior surface oxidized species content, wherein the weight of the interior surface oxidized species content differs from the weight of the exterior surface oxidized species content by at least 20%, and as high as 100% and wherein the plurality of oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes are present in the range of from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the interior surface oxidized species content is less than the exterior surface oxidized species content.
3. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the interior surface oxidized species content is up to 3 weight percent relative to carbon nanotube weight.
4. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the discrete carbon nanotubes have an aspect ratio that is bimodal.
5. The dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising at least one epoxy resin diluent.
6. The dispersion of claim 5 , wherein the epoxy resin diluent is selected from the group consisting of a diglycidyl ether of cis-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a diglycidyl ether of trans-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a diglycidyl ether of cis-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, a diglycidyl ether of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, a monoglycidyl ether of cis-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a monoglycidyl ether of trans-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, a monoglycidyl ether of cis-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, a monoglycidyl ether of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, one or more oligomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
7. The dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising a compound comprising zinc, phosphate, chromate, phosphosilicate, borosilicate, borate, nitrate, or mixtures thereof.
8. The dispersion of claim 7 , wherein the compound comprising zinc is selected from the group consisting of zinc, zinc-oxide, zinc-hydroxide, zinc-sulfide, zinc-selenide, zinc-telluride, zinc-salts, and mixtures thereof.
9. The dispersion of claim 7 , wherein the compound comprising zinc is present in the range from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
10. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the discrete carbon nanotubes have an aspect ratio of 25 to 500.
11. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein at least 70 percent by weight of the nanotubes are discrete.
12. The dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising at least one dispersant.
13. The dispersion of claim 12 , wherein the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic polymers, anionic polymers, non-ionic polymers, cationic polymers, ethylene oxide containing polymers, propylene oxide containing polymers, amphiphilic polymers, fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.
14. The dispersion of claim 1 , which further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin diluent, a compound comprising zinc, a dispersant, and mixtures thereof.
15. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an oxidation species selected from carboxylic acid or a derivative carbonyl containing species wherein the derivative carbonyl species is selected from ketones, quaternary amines, amides, esters, acyl halogens, and metal salts.
16. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an oxidation species selected from hydroxyl or derived from hydroxyl containing species.
17. The dispersion of claim 1 further comprising an acrylic polymer, a silicone polymer, or a mixture thereof.
18. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the plurality of oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise multiwall carbon nanotubes.
19. The dispersion of claim 1 further comprising at least one organic inhibitor selected from the group consisting of azoles, calcium alkyl-aryl sulfonates, diamines, and metal salts of dinonylnapathalene sulphonates.
20. A catheter comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy has been at least partially cured.
21. A coating comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy has been at least partially cured.