Methods of facilitating removal of a fingerprint from a substrate or a coating
Bioactive coatings that include a base and a protein associated with the base for actively promoting the removal of organic stains are provided. In aspects, bioactive coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.
1. A method of facilitating the removal of a fingerprint from a substrate or a coating comprising:
providing a substrate or a coating formed of an organic crosslinkable polymer resin, wherein said substrate or coating further comprises a polyisocyanate crosslinker;
associating a lipase with said substrate or coating, said lipase capable of enzymatically degrading a fat or oil component of a fingerprint, wherein said lipase is entrapped within and crosslinked to said substrate or coating; and
facilitating by rinsing removal of a fingerprint from said substrate or said coating when contacted by a fingerprint.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said organic crosslinkable polymer resin comprises a functional group of acetoacetate, acid, amine, carboxyl, epoxy, hydroxyl, isocyanate, silane, vinyl, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said organic crosslinkable polymer resin is an aminoplast, melamine formaldehyde, carbamate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy, polycarbonate, alkyd, vinyl, polyamide, polyolefin, phenolic resin, polyester, polysiloxane, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said organic crosslinkable polymer is a hydroxyl-functionalized acrylate resin.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is uniformly dispersed in said substrate or said coating in protein aggregates having an average diameter of 10 micrometers or less.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase-associated substrate or coating has a surface activity of about 200 Units/gram.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is present at 0.1-50 weight percent of the total weight of said substrate or said coating.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is present at 1-20 weight percent of the total weight of said substrate or said coating.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is present at 2-8 weight percent of the total weight of said substrate or said coating.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is covalently attached to said substrate or said coating.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is non-covalently adhered to or admixed into said substrate or said coating.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipase is associated with said substrate or said coating by a method comprising: producing an admixture of a polymer resin, a surfactant and a non-aqueous organic solvent; mixing an aqueous solution comprising a lipase with said admixture, wherein said aqueous solution is substantially free of surfactant, to produce an emulsion; mixing said emulsion with a crosslinker to produce a curable composition; and curing said curable composition.
13. The method of 12 wherein said curing is thermal curing.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein said lipase is uniformly dispersed in said substrate or said coating material in protein aggregates having an average diameter of 10 micrometers or less.