Systems and methods for analyzing an analyte extracted from a sample using an adsorbent material

1. A method for extracting an analyte from a sample, the method comprising:

introducing a sample into a capillary;

inserting a probe into the capillary, wherein the probe comprises an elongate body comprising an adsorbent material on at least a portion of the elongate body, the probe being configured to fit within the capillary such that the adsorbent material enters the sample;

interacting within the capillary the sample with the adsorbent material of the probe such that at least one analyte is extracted from the sample and binds to the adsorbent material;

interacting the adsorbent material of the probe with an extraction solvent by at least one of:

(i) moving the probe from the sample into the extraction solvent that is already within the capillary in a manner that the adsorbent material enters the extraction solvent wherein the sample is immiscible with the extraction solvent; or

(ii) removing the sample from the capillary after the probe has been inserted into the sample within the capillary, and introducing the extraction solvent into the capillary in a manner that the adsorbent material interacts with the extraction solvent; and

interacting the extraction solvent with the adsorbent material in order to elute the at least one analyte from the adsorbent material.

2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising analyzing the at least one extracted analyte.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein analyzing comprises:

applying a voltage to the extraction solvent comprising the at least one analyte in the capillary so that the at least one analyte is expelled from the capillary, thereby generating ions of the at least one analyte; and

analyzing the ions.

4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein analyzing comprises:

removing the solvent comprising the at least one analyte from the capillary; and

conducting an assay that analyzes the at least one analyte.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent material comprises one or more molecules that react with the at least one analyte.

6. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising conducting a reaction between the one or more molecules and the at least one analyte to produce a reaction product.

7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising analyzing the reaction product.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extraction solvent comprises one or more molecules that react with the at least one analyte.

9. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising conducting a reaction between the one or more molecules and the at least one analyte to produce a reaction product.

10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising analyzing the reaction product.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent material includes an internal standard.

12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the internal standard is eluted from the adsorbent material by the extraction solvent.

13. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising analyzing the internal standard and the at least one analyte.