Compositions and methods for immune cell modulation in adoptive immunotherapies
Compounds that either produced a higher proportion or greater absolute number of phenotypically identified nave, stem cell memory, central memory T cells, adaptive NK cells, and type I NKT cells are identified. Compositions and methods for modulating immune cells including T, NK, and NKT cells for adoptive cell therapies with improved efficacy are provided.
1. A method of modulating a population of immune cells, comprising:
contacting the immune cells with a sufficient amount of a composition comprising at least one agent for a time sufficient to obtain a population of modulated immune cells having improved therapeutic potential in comparison to unmodulated immune cells, wherein (a) the population of immune cells comprises T cells or NK cells; and (b) the at least one agent is selected from the group consisting of: Dorsomorphin; Heptelidic acid, 1-Pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acid, ammonium salt; 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG); GSK3 Inhibitors; Rho kinase inhibitors; MEK inhibitors, PDK1 agonists; TGFβ inhibitors; 6-Mercaptopurine; AC-93253 iodide; Tiratricol; PI-103; Fulvestrant; Thapsigargin; SU 4312; Telmisartan; Cyclosporin A; 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenol)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole; BAY 61-3606; Protoporphyrin IX disodium; mTOR inhibitors; HS173; LY294002, Pictilisib; 5-Azacytidine; Fludarabine; Roscovitine, (S)-Isomer; PAC-1; 8-Quinolinol, 5,7-dichloro-; Nitrofurantoin; 8-Quinolinol, 5-chloro-7-iodo-; 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahy, Nifuroxazide; Tosufloxacin hydrochloride; Sertralin; Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, penta sodium; Edrophonium chloride; BIX01294; Terfenadine; dmPGE2 (16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin E2); and analogues thereof;
and further wherein;
(i) the immune cells are genetically modified to comprise an insertion, a deletion, or a nucleic acid replacement; or
(ii) the method further comprises administering the modulated immune cells to a subject, wherein the modulated immune cells are autologous or allogeneic; and wherein the subject has an autoimmune disorder, a hematological malignancy, a solid tumor, cancer, or an infection associated with HIV, RSV, EBV, CMV, adenovirus, or BK polyomavirus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the modulated immune cells comprise cells that have
i. improved proliferation, cytotoxicity, cytokine response, cytokine release, cell recall, and/or persistence;
ii. improved cell expansion, maintenance, differentiation, dedifferentiation, and/or survival rate; and/or
iii. increased number or ratio of one or more desired subpopulations of immune cells, in comparison to immune cells not contacted with said at least one agent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells are differentiated in vitro from stem cells comprising induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering the modulated immune cells to a subject, wherein the modulated immune cells are autologous or allogeneic; and wherein the subject has an autoimmune disorder, a hematological malignancy, a solid tumor, cancer, or an infection associated with HIV, RSV, EBV, CMV, adenovirus, or BK polyomavirus.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising administering to the subject an antibody, a chemotherapeutic, or a radioactive treatment, wherein the antibody, chemotherapeutic, or radioactive treatment is prior to, during or after administering the modulated immune cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells comprise T cells or NKT cells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells comprise NK cells, CD57-NK cells, or CD57-NKG2C+NK cells.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells are isolated from or comprised in peripheral blood, bone marrow lymph node tissue, cord blood, thymus tissue, tissue from a site of infection, ascites, pleural effusion, spleen tissue, or tumors.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells are isolated from: (1) a healthy subject; (2) a subject having an autoimmune disease, a hematopoietic malignancy, a virus infection or a solid tumor; (3) a subject previously administered with genetically modified immune cells; or (4) a subject that is CMV seropositive.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells are genetically modified to comprise an insertion, a deletion, or a nucleic acid replacement.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells (a) are differentiated in vitro from stem cells, hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells, or progenitor cells; or (b) are trans-differentiated in vitro from non-pluripotent cells of hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic lineage.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising said at least one agent further comprises one or more additives.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising activating the immune cells prior to the step of contacting with a sufficient amount of the composition for modulation.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depleting CD3 and CD19 cells from the immune cells prior to contacting the immune cells with the composition comprising said at least one agent.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
one or more of a GSK3 inhibitor, a TGFβ receptor inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a PDK1 agonist, and rapamycin.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the modulated immune cells or the one or more desired immune cell subpopulation having increased number or ratio upon contacting with said one or more agents, comprise:
i. naïve T cells, stem cell memory T cells, central memory T cells, type I NKT cells, CD57+NK cells, or adaptive NK cells;
ii. adaptive NK cells comprising CD57+ and at least one of NKG2C+, low PLZF, low SYK, low FcεRγ, low EAT-2, low TIGIT, low PD1, low CD7, low CD161, high LILRB1, high CD45RO, and low CD45RA; or
iii. CD57+NK cells expressing hnCD16.
17. The method of claim 2 , further comprising isolating the one or more desired subpopulations from the modulated immune cells.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the time sufficient is no less than 16 hours.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune cells for modulation are in a feeder-free environment.
20. The method of claim 7 , wherein the NK cells:
i. have increased expression in one or more of CD107a, NKG2C, NKG2D, CD16, KIR, CD2, NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46, in comparison to unmodulated NK cells, wherein the expression thereof is increased by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% or above;
ii. have increased expansion by at least 2 fold; and/or
iii. have improved cytokine response comprising increased production of one or more cytokines comprising IFNγ and/or TNFα.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the immune cells are differentiated from stem cells, and wherein the stem cells comprise induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the immune cells are differentiated from progenitor cells, and wherein the progenitor cells comprise CD34+ hemogenic endothelium cells, multipotent progenitor cells, T cell progenitor cells, NK progenitor cells, or NKT progenitor cells.
23. The method of claim 11 , wherein the stem cell, hematopoietic stem or progenitor cell, or progenitor cell is genetically modified to comprise an insertion, a deletion, or a nucleic acid replacement.
24. The method of claim 10 , wherein the immune cells are genetically modified to comprise at least one of safety switch proteins, targeting modalities, receptors, signaling molecules, transcription factors, pharmaceutically active proteins and peptides; or proteins promoting engraftment, trafficking, homing, viability, self-renewal, persistence, immune response regulation and modulation, or survival of the immune cells.
25. The method of claim 10 , wherein the immune cells are genetically modified to comprise one or more of:
(a) deletion or reduced expression of B2M, TAP1, TAP2, Tapasin, NLRC5, PD1, LAG3, TIM3, RFXANK, CIITA, RFX5, or RFXAP, and any gene in the chromosome 6p21 region; or
(b) introduced or increased expression of HLA-E, HLA-G, CD16, hnCD16, 41BBL, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD47, CD113, CD131, CD137, CD80, PDL1, A2AR, Fc receptor, or surface triggering receptors for coupling with bi- or multi-specific or universal engagers.
26. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more additives comprise:
(a) at least one of peptides, antibodies, antibody fragments, cytokines, mitogens, growth factors, small RNAs, dsRNA, mononuclear blood cells, feeder cells, feeder cell components or replacement factors, vectors comprising one or more polynucleic acids of interest, chemotherapeutic agents or radioactive moieties, and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs);
(b) at least one of stimulating cytokines comprising IL2, IL15, IL12, IL18 and IL21; or
(c) one or more of a MEK inhibitor, rapamycin, and a STING agonist.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a GSK3 inhibitor.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises CHIR99021.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a GSK3 inhibitor and IL15.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a GSK3 inhibitor, IL15, and a STING agonist.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethoxyethane (DME), dimethylacetamide, ethanol and combinations thereof.