Ruthenium-based catalyst for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition, preparation method therefor and application thereof

1. A ruthenium-based catalyst for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition, comprising an active component, a promoter and a carrier, wherein the active component is ruthenium, the promoter is cesium and/or potassium, and the carrier comprises a composite carrier of a metal oxide and an activated carbon.

2. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the active component to the promoter to the carrier is (2-6):(4-10):100.

3. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide consists of magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, barium oxide, and an alkali metal oxide.

4. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide consists of magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, barium oxide, and an alkali metal oxide.

5. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein a mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the activated carbon to the cerium oxide to the molybdenum oxide to the tungsten oxide to the barium oxide to the alkali metal oxide in the carrier is (2-6):(68-80):(5-9):(1-2):(1-2):(5-9):(3-9).

6. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein a mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the activated carbon to the cerium oxide to the molybdenum oxide to the tungsten oxide to the barium oxide to the alkali metal oxide in the carrier is (2-6):(68-80):(5-9):(1-2):(1-2):(5-9):(3-9).

7. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein the activated carbon is a nitrogen-doped activated carbon, with a nitrogen-doping amount of 1-8 wt %; and the alkali metal oxide consists of potassium oxide and/or sodium oxide.

8. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the activated carbon is a nitrogen-doped activated carbon, with a nitrogen-doping amount of 1-8 wt %; and the alkali metal oxide consists of potassium oxide and/or sodium oxide.

9. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 5 , wherein the activated carbon is a nitrogen-doped activated carbon, with a nitrogen-doping amount of 1-8 wt %; and the alkali metal oxide consists of potassium oxide and/or sodium oxide.

10. The ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the activated carbon is a nitrogen-doped activated carbon, with a nitrogen-doping amount of 1-8 wt %; and the alkali metal oxide consists of potassium oxide and/or sodium oxide.

11. A preparation method of the ruthenium-based catalyst of claim 3 , comprising steps of:

1) preparing a mixture by mixing, grinding and collecting a basic magnesium carbonate, an activated carbon, a basic cerium carbonate, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, barium carbonate and a carbonate of an alkali metal;

2) molding the mixture to obtain a molded product;

3) impregnating the molded product in an aqueous solution of a precursor of ruthenium and an aqueous solution of a precursor of cesium and/or potassium successively, and taking out the impregnated molded product after the impregnating is completed; and

4) subjecting the impregnated molded product to drying, reduction and calcination successively to obtain the ruthenium-based catalyst for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition.

12. The preparation method of the ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein in step 3), the precursor of ruthenium is present in an amount of 3-6% by mass in the aqueous solution of the precursor of ruthenium;

the precursor of cesium and/or potassium is present in an amount of 6-10% in the aqueous solution of the precursor of cesium and/or potassium; and/or

the ruthenium precursor is one or more selected from the group consisting of ruthenium chloride, ruthenium nitrate, potassium ruthenate, sodium ruthenate and ruthenium acetylacetonate;

the precursor of cesium is one or more selected from the group consisting of cesium hydroxide, cesium nitrate and cesium carbonate; and

the potassium precursor is one or more selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, and potassium ruthenate.

13. The preparation method of the ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein in step 3), urea is further added to the aqueous solution of the precursor of ruthenium, and the urea is present in an amount of 5-8% by mass in the aqueous solution of the precursor of ruthenium; and/or

in step 3), the impregnating is incipient impregnation carried out for 3-10 times, 5-10 min each time, at a temperature of 10-40° C. during the impregnation.

14. The preparation method of the ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein in step 4), the drying is performed by irradiation using an infrared lamp; and/or

the reduction is carried out under a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen and/or ammonia at a temperature of 300-500° C. for a period of 6-12 h; and/or

the calcination is carried out at a temperature of 1600-2500° C.

15. A method for preparing carbon-free hydrogen from ammonia decomposition, comprising carrying out ammonia decomposition in the presence of the ruthenium-based catalyst of claim 1 .

16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the ammonia decomposition is carried out at a temperature of 400° C. to 500° C. under normal pressure.