Method for manufacturing interconnect structure
A conductive interconnect structure includes a contact pad; a conductive body connected to the contact pad at a first end; and a conductive layer positioned on a second end of the conductive body. The conductive body has a longitudinal direction perpendicular to a surface of the contact pad. The conductive body has an average grain size (a) on a cross sectional plane (Plane A) whose normal is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the conductive body. The conductive layer has an average grain size (b) on Plane A. The conductive body and the conductive layer are composed of same material, and the average grain size (a) is greater than the average grain size (b).
1. A method of manufacturing a conductive interconnect structure, comprising:
disposing a cover layer on a semiconductor package;
forming a through opening in the cover layer;
filling a first conductive material into the through opening by a first electroplating operation under a first plating current, wherein the first electroplating operation is configured to generate an average grain size (a) of the first conductive material;
forming a mask layer around the first conductive material with a gap between the mask layer and a sidewall surface of the first conductive material; and
forming a second conductive material on an outer surface of the first conductive material by a second electroplating operation under a second plating current, wherein the first plating current is different from the second plating current, and wherein the second electroplating operation is configured to generate an average grain size (b) of the second conductive material,
wherein the average grain size (a) is greater than the average grain size (b), the average grain size (a) is of from 500 nm to 2500 nm, the grain size (b) is of from 200 nm to 500 nm, and wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are substantially the same.
2. The method in claim 1 , wherein the second conductive material is further formed on the sidewall surface of the first conductive material through the gap between the mask layer and the sidewall surface of the first conductive material.
3. The method in claim 1 , wherein the forming the mask layer around the first conductive material with the gap between the mask layer and the sidewall surface of the first conductive material comprises removing a portion of the cover layer to form the mask layer having a second through opening wider than the through opening of the cover layer.
4. The method in claim 1 , further comprising forming a seed layer on the outer surface of the first conductive material before the formation of the second conductive material.
5. The method in claim 1 , wherein the first electroplating operation and the second electroplating operation are performed under a same temperature.
6. The method in claim 1 , wherein the first plating current is lower than the second plating current.
7. A method of manufacturing a conductive interconnect structure, comprising:
disposing a first cover layer on a semiconductor package;
forming a through opening in the first cover layer;
filling a first conductive material into the through opening by a first electroplating operation under a first plating current;
forming a second cover layer on the semiconductor package exposing an entire sidewall surface of the first conductive material subsequent to filling the first conductive material; and
forming a second conductive material in contact with an outer surface and the entire sidewall surface of the first conductive material by a second electroplating operation under a second plating current, wherein the first plating current is different from the second plating current;
wherein an average grain size (a) of the first conductive material is greater than an average grain size (b) of the second conductive material, the average grain size (a) is of from 500 nm to 2500 nm, and the grain size (b) is of from 200 nm to 500 nm.
8. The method in claim 7 , further comprising forming the seed layer on the sidewall surface of the first conductive material before the formation of the second conductive material.
9. The method in claim 7 , wherein forming the second cover layer comprises forming a mask layer around the first conductive material with a gap between the mask layer and the sidewall surface of the first conductive material.
10. The method in claim 7 , wherein first electroplating operation and the second electroplating operation are performed under a same temperature.
11. The method in claim 7 , wherein the first plating current is lower than the second plating current.
12. A method of manufacturing a conductive interconnect structure, comprising:
disposing a first cover layer on a semiconductor package;
forming a through opening in the first cover layer;
filling a first conductive material into the through opening by a first electroplating operation under a first plating current thereby forming a first conductive body having an average grain size (a);
forming a second cover layer on the semiconductor package exposing an entire sidewall surface of the first conductive body subsequent to filling the first conductive material;
forming a first conductive layer in contact with a top end and the entire sidewall surface of the first conductive body by a second electroplating operation under a second plating current, wherein the first plating current is different from the second plating current;
forming a second conductive body having an average grain size (c);
forming a second conductive layer over a top end of the second conductive body; and
connecting the first conductive body and the second conductive body via bonding the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer,
wherein the first conductive layer comprises an average grain size (b), the average grain size (a) is greater than the average grain size (b), the average grain size (a) is of from 500 nm to 2500 nm, and the grain size (b) is of from 200 nm to 500 nm.
13. The method in claim 12 , wherein the average grain size (a) and the average grain size (c) are substantially identical.
14. The method in claim 13 , further comprising forming a seed layer between the top end of the first conductive body and the first conductive layer.
15. The method in claim 13 , further comprising forming a seed layer between the sidewall surface of the first conductive body and the first conductive layer.
16. The method in claim 13 , further comprising forming a seed layer between the top end of the second conductive body and the second conductive layer.
17. The method in claim 13 , further comprising forming the second conductive layer on a sidewall surface of the second conductive body.
18. The method in claim 17 , further comprising forming a seed layer between the sidewall surface of the second conductive body and the second conductive layer.