Combined cycle heat engine comprising a first and second gas turbine engine
A combined cycle heat engine ( 10 ). The engine ( 10 ) comprises a first gas turbine engine ( 11 ) comprising a first air compressor system ( 14 ), a first combustion system ( 16 ) and a first turbine system ( 18 ) and a second gas turbine engine ( 32 ) comprising a second air compression system ( 36 ), a second turbine system ( 40 ), and a heat exchanger ( 38 ) configured to transfer heat from an exhaust ( 24 ) of the first turbine system ( 18 ) to compressed air from the second air compressor ( 36 ). The second gas turbine engine ( 32 ) comprises a second combustion system ( 20 ) downstream of the heat exchanger ( 38 ) and upstream of the second turbine system ( 40 ).
1. A method of controlling a combined cycle heat engine, the combined cycle heat engine comprising:
a first gas turbine engine comprising, in flow series, a first air compressor system, a first combustion system and a first turbine system for driving a first load; and
a second gas turbine engine comprising, in flow series, a second air compressor system, a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from an exhaust of the first turbine system to compressed air discharged from the second air compressor system, a second combustion system, and a second turbine system;
wherein:
the second air compressor system comprises, in flow series, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, and a high-pressure compressor;
the second turbine system comprises, in flow series, one or more turbines for driving the low-pressure compressor and high-pressure compressor, a free power turbine for driving a second load, and a variable area nozzle;
the method comprising:
modulating at least the variable area nozzle to maintain a target mass flow through the second air compressor system, the target mass flow through the second air compressor system being substantially equal to a mass flow through the first air compressor system when the second combustion system is not in operation.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second gas turbine engine further comprises a power transfer arrangement configured to transfer mechanical power between a high-pressure shaft and a low-pressure shaft, the method further comprising:
modulating power transferred by the power transfer arrangement to maintain the target mass flow through the second air compressor system.
3. A combined cycle heat engine comprising:
a first gas turbine engine comprising a first air compressor system, a first combustion system and a first turbine system configured to drive the first air compressor system and a load;
a second gas turbine engine comprising, in flow series, a second air compressor system, a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from an exhaust of the first turbine system to compressed air discharged from the second air compressor system, a second combustion system, and a second turbine system, wherein:
the second air compressor system comprises, in flow series, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler, and a high-pressure compressor; and
the second turbine system comprises, in flow series:
one or more turbines configured to drive the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor,
a free power turbine configured to drive a second load, the free power turbine including a variable area nozzle, and
the combined cycle heat engine further comprises a controller configured to modulate at least the variable area nozzle to maintain a target mass flow through the second air compressor system, the target mass flow through the second air compressor system being substantially equal to a mass flow through the first air compressor system when the second combustion system is not in operation.
4. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 3 , wherein the second air compressor system comprises one or more variable area inlets and/or variable stator vanes.
5. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 3 , wherein the second turbine system comprises a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine.
6. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 5 , wherein the low-pressure compressor is coupled to the low-pressure turbine by a low-pressure shaft, and the high-pressure compressor is coupled to the high-pressure turbine by a high-pressure shaft, wherein the high-pressure shaft is configured to rotate independently of the low-pressure shaft.
7. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 6 , wherein the second gas turbine engine comprises a power transfer arrangement configured to transfer mechanical power between the high-pressure shaft and the low-pressure shaft.
8. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 7 , wherein the controller is further configured to modulate power transferred by the power transfer arrangement to maintain the target mass flow through the second air compressor system.
9. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 3 , wherein:
the first turbine system comprises, in flow series, a first turbine section and a second turbine section, and
the first combustion system comprises a first combustor provided between the first air compressor system and the first turbine section, and a second combustor provided between the first turbine section and the second turbine section.
10. The combined cycle heat engine according to claim 3 , wherein at least one of the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor in the second air compressor system is a multi-stage compressor, comprising two or more rotor stages.