Shared cryogenic bottoming cycle
An aircraft propulsion system includes at least two gas turbine engines and a bottoming cycle system where a working fluid is circulated within a closed circuit that includes a bottoming compressor section and a bottoming turbine section. Each of the at least two gas turbine engines include a primary heat exchanger for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle.
1 . An aircraft propulsion system comprising:
at least two gas turbine engines that each include a compressor that pressurizes an inlet flow that is mixed with a cryogenic fuel and ignited in a combustor to generate an exhaust gas flow that is expanded through a turbine to generate shaft power and a propulsive fan driven by the turbine;
a bottoming cycle system where a working fluid is circulated within a closed circuit comprising a bottoming compressor section and a bottoming turbine section, wherein the working fluid is compressed in the bottoming compressor section and expanded through the bottoming turbine section to generate shaft power, wherein each of the at least two gas turbine engines includes a primary heat exchanger for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system; and
a fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing the cryogenic fuel to each of the at least two gas turbine engines, wherein a fuel/working fluid heat exchanger provides thermal communication between the cryogenic fuel and the working fluid to cool a flow of the working fluid from the bottoming turbine section to the bottoming compressor section, wherein the bottoming cycle system comprises at least two bottoming cycles that each comprise a separate closed circuit for separate flows of the working fluid, and a separate fuel/working fluid heat exchanger in which the cryogenic fuel is placed in thermal communication with a corresponding one of the separate flows of the working fluid of each of the at least two bottoming cycles.
2 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 ,
wherein the closed circuit for the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system comprises separate portions for communicating a flow of the working fluid to the primary heat exchanger of each of the at least two gas turbine engines.
3 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a thermal transfer circuit for communicating thermal energy from each of the at least two gas turbine engines into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system.
4 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the bottoming cycle system is disposed within a fuselage of an aircraft.
5 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein thermal energy from each of the at least two gas turbine engines is communicated separately to each of the at least two bottoming cycles.
6 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic fuel is separately heated by each of the at least two bottoming cycles.
7 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 6 , further comprising a valve system for controlling a flow of the cryogenic fuel to each of the at least two bottoming cycles, wherein the valve system is configured to bypass fuel flow separately around each of the at least two bottoming cycles such that the cryogenic fuel is heated by less than all of the at least two bottoming cycles.
8 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 7 , including a controller programed to operate the valve system to route the cryogenic fuel around one of the at least two bottoming cycles in response to a predefined operating condition.
9 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein a flow of the cryogenic fuel proceeds in series through the at least two bottoming cycles.
10 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein one of the at least two bottoming cycles comprises a different maximum capacity for transferring thermal energy than others of the at least two bottoming cycles.
11 . An aircraft propulsion system comprising:
at least two gas turbine engines that each include a compressor that pressurizes an inlet flow that is mixed with a cryogenic fuel and ignited in a combustor to generate an exhaust gas flow that is expanded through a turbine to generate shaft power and a propulsive fan driven by the turbine;
a bottoming cycle system including at least two bottoming cycles that each include a working fluid circulated within a closed circuit comprising a bottoming compressor section and a bottoming turbine section, wherein the working fluid is compressed in the bottoming compressor section and expanded through the bottoming turbine section to generate shaft power, wherein each of the at least two gas turbine engines includes a primary heat exchanger for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system;
a fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing the cryogenic fuel to the combustor of each of the at least two gas turbine engines through each of the at least two bottoming cycles in series, wherein each of the at least two bottoming cycles includes a fuel/working fluid heat exchanger that provides thermal communication between the cryogenic fuel and the working fluid within a corresponding one of the at least two bottoming cycles.
12 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 11 , wherein thermal energy from each of the at least two gas turbine engines is communicated separately to each of the at least two bottoming cycles.
13 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 11 , further comprising a valve system for controlling a flow of the cryogenic fuel to each of the at least two bottoming cycles, wherein the valve system is configured to bypass fuel flow separately e around each of the at least two bottoming cycles such that the cryogenic fuel is heated by less than all of the at least two bottoming cycles.
14 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 13 , including a controller programed to operate the valve system to route the cryogenic fuel around one of the at least two bottoming cycles in response to a predefined operating condition.
15 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 11 , wherein one of the at least two bottoming cycles comprises a different maximum capacity for transferring thermal energy than others of the at least two bottoming cycles.
16 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 11 , further comprising a thermal transfer circuit for communicating thermal energy from each of the at least two gas turbine engines into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system.
17 . A method of configuring an aircraft propulsion system comprising:
configuring at least two gas turbine engines to generate an exhaust gas flow;
configuring a bottoming cycle system including at least two bottoming cycles that each include a working fluid circulated within a closed circuit comprising a bottoming compressor section and a bottoming turbine section, wherein each of the at least two gas turbine engines includes a primary heat exchanger for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of the bottoming cycle system; and
configuring a cryogenic fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing the cryogenic fuel to a combustor of each of the at least two gas turbine engines through each of the at least two bottoming cycles in series, wherein each of the at least two bottoming cycles includes a fuel/working fluid heat exchanger that provides thermal communication between the cryogenic fuel and the working fluid within a corresponding one of the at least two bottoming cycles.
18 . The method as recited in claim 17 , further comprising configuring a valve system for controlling a flow of the cryogenic fuel through a bypass passage around one of the at least two bottoming cycles.
19 . The method as recited in claim 18 , further comprising assembling the bottoming cycle system such that at least one of the at least two bottoming cycles comprises a different maximum capacity for transferring thermal energy than others of the at least two bottoming cycles.