Encapsulation topography-assisted self-aligned MRAM top contact
Encapsulation topography-assisted techniques for forming self-aligned top contacts in MRAM devices are provided. In one aspect, a method for forming an MRAM device includes: forming MTJs on interconnects embedded in a first dielectric; depositing an encapsulation layer over the MTJs; burying the MTJs in a second dielectric; patterning a trench in the second dielectric over the MTJs exposing the encapsulation layer over tops of the MTJs which creates a topography at the trench bottom; forming a metal line in the trench over the topography; recessing the metal line which breaks up the metal line into segments separated by exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer; recessing the exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer to form recesses at the tops of the MTJs; and forming self-aligned contacts in the recesses. An MRAM device is also provided.
1. A method for forming a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) device, the method comprising the steps of:
forming magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) on interconnects embedded in a first dielectric;
depositing an encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
burying the MTJs in a second dielectric;
patterning a trench in the second dielectric over the MTJs exposing the encapsulation layer over tops of the MTJs which creates a topography at a bottom of the trench;
forming a metal line in the trench over the topography at the bottom of the trench;
recessing the metal line down to and exposing the encapsulation layer, wherein the recessing breaks up the metal line into segments separated by exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
recessing the exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer to form recesses at the tops of the MTJs in between the segments of the metal line; and
forming contacts in the recesses self-aligned to the tops of the MTJs.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a capping layer is disposed on the interconnects, and wherein the MTJs are formed on the interconnects over the capping layer.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the capping layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: ruthenium (Ru), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), tungsten (W) and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the MTJs comprises:
at least one free magnetic metal layer;
at least one fixed magnetic metal layer; and
a tunnel barrier in between the at least one free magnetic metal layer and the at least one fixed magnetic metal layer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulation layer comprises an insulator.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the insulator is silicon nitride (SiN).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trench, as patterned, is centered over the MTJs.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trench, as patterned, is offset over the MTJs such that only a portion of the encapsulation layer over a top of at least one of the MTJs is exposed by the trench.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
depositing a barrier layer into and lining the trench; and
forming the metal line in the trench on the barrier layer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacts are in direct contact with the MTJs, and wherein the contacts are connected to the segments of the metal line.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacts comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: Ru, Ta, TaN, Ti, TiN, W, copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and combinations thereof.
13. A method for forming a MRAM device, the method comprising the steps of:
forming MTJs on interconnects embedded in a first dielectric;
depositing an encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
burying the MTJs in a second dielectric;
patterning a trench in the second dielectric over the MTJs exposing the encapsulation layer over tops of the MTJs which creates a topography at a bottom of the trench;
depositing a barrier layer into and lining the trench;
forming a metal line in the trench on the barrier layer over the topography at the bottom of the trench;
recessing the metal line down to and exposing the encapsulation layer, wherein the recessing breaks up the metal line into segments separated by exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
recessing the exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer to form recesses at the tops of the MTJs in between the segments of the metal line; and
forming contacts in the recesses self-aligned to the tops of the MTJs, wherein the contacts are in direct contact with the MTJs, and wherein the contacts are connected to the segments of the metal line through the barrier layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the encapsulation layer comprises an insulator.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the insulator is SiN.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the trench, as patterned, is centered over the MTJs.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the trench, as patterned, is offset over the MTJs such that only a portion of the encapsulation layer over a top of at least one of the MTJs is exposed by the trench.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the contacts comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: Ru, Ta, TaN, Ti, TiN, W, Cu, Co, and combinations thereof.
20. A method for forming a MRAM device, the method comprising the steps of:
forming MTJs on interconnects embedded in a first dielectric;
depositing an encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
burying the MTJs in a second dielectric;
patterning a trench in the second dielectric over the MTJs exposing the encapsulation layer over tops of the MTJs which creates a topography at a bottom of the trench, wherein the trench as patterned is offset over the MTJs such that only a portion of the encapsulation layer over a top of at least one of the MTJs is exposed by the trench;
depositing a barrier layer into and lining the trench;
forming a metal line in the trench on the barrier layer over the topography at the bottom of the trench;
recessing the metal line down to and exposing the encapsulation layer, wherein the recessing breaks up the metal line into segments separated by exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer over the MTJs;
recessing the exposed peaks of the encapsulation layer to form recesses at the tops of the MTJs in between the segments of the metal line; and
forming contacts in the recesses self-aligned to the tops of the MTJs, wherein the contacts are in direct contact with the MTJs, and wherein the contacts are connected to the segments of the metal line through the barrier layer.
21. An MRAM device, comprising:
MTJs disposed on interconnects embedded in a first dielectric;
an encapsulation layer disposed over the MTJs;
a second dielectric surrounding the MTJs;
recesses in the encapsulation layer at the tops of the MTJs in between segments of a metal line, wherein the segments of the metal line are separated from the second dielectric by a barrier layer; and
contacts formed in the recesses that are self-aligned to the tops of the MTJs, wherein the contacts are in direct contact with the MTJs, and wherein the contacts are connected to the segments of the metal line through the barrier layer.
22. The MRAM device of claim 21 , further comprising:
a capping layer disposed on the interconnects, wherein the MTJs are disposed on the interconnects over the capping layer, and wherein the capping layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: Ru, Ta, TaN, Ti, TiN, W and combinations thereof.
23. The MRAM device of claim 21 , wherein each of the MTJs comprises:
at least one free magnetic metal layer;
at least one fixed magnetic metal layer; and
a tunnel barrier in between the at least one free magnetic metal layer and the at least one fixed magnetic metal layer.
24. The MRAM device of claim 21 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, and combinations thereof.
25. The MRAM device of claim 21 , wherein the contacts comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: Ru, Ta, TaN, Ti, TiN, W, Cu, Co, and combinations thereof.